- LIS-Forum - ncsi.iisc.ernet.in

SIGMOD/VLDB Digital Library Donation Program (fwd)
by Shyam Prasad pujar 27 Mar '05

27 Mar '05

** Sorry for cross postings, if any ** > [Dbworld] SIGMOD/VLDB Digital Library Donation Program > From: "Myung Kim " <mkim(a)ewha.ac.kr> > Date: Mon, 21 Mar 2005 17:19:15 -0600 (CST) > > ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ > > SIGMOD/VLDB DIGITAL LIBRARY DONATION PROGRAM > > http://pike.ewha.ac.kr/sigmod-dvd > > ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ > > ACM SIGMOD and the VLDB Foundation have established a joint program > to donate database literature to universities in developing countries, > with the goal of assisting in the expansion of the database community > in those countries. Currently available literature includes > SIGMOD's Silver Edition and the SIGMOD 2003 DiSC, both on DVDs. > The Silver Edition is a comprehensive collection of 30 years of > database research literature and related materials; the complete > table of contents for the Silver Edition can be found at > http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/db/anthology.html. > The 2003 DiSC contains the proceedings of many database research > conferences that took place in 2002, plus database research > journal issues from that year and other related materials; see > http://sigmod.discgenesis.net/ for the complete table of contents. > > A request for a donation should be made by visiting our website > (http://pike.ewha.ac.kr/sigmod-dvd) and filling out an application > form. An explicit designation that the applicant agrees to the > rules is required. The rules are as follows. > > (1) The donated material is for the use by all patrons of the > recipient library. > (2) The library will make the donated material available for > reference/limited circulation to the patrons. > (3) The library will take all conventionally accepted steps to > abide by the copyright restrictions on the material. > > Note that the donations will be made according to the following criteria. > > (1) Donations will be made to libraries in universities in developing > and undeveloped countries according to their UN classification. > (2) Donations to universities in developed countries will be made > only in the context of demonstrated need, at a lower priority. > (3) Only one packet per University library will be donated. > (4) Graduate degree awarding departments and universities will get > priority over non-graduate degree awarding departments and > universities. > > *** Requests will be processed in the order in which they arrive. > *** To apply for the 2-DVD Silver Anthology set and the SIGMOD 2003 DiSC, > please visit http://pike.ewha.ac.kr/sigmod-dvd and > fill out an application form. > > ------------------------------------------------------------------------ > Digital Library Donation Program Co-Directors > > Amr El Abbadi > Department of Computer Science > University of Califormia > Santa Barbara, CA 93106 U.S.A. > amr(a)cs.ucsb.edu > > Myung Kim > Department of Computer Science and Engineering > Ewha Womans University > Seoul 120-750, Korea > mkim(a)ewha.ac.kr

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Fwd: Librarian (School) vacancy in Bangalore
by hbmallikarjuna 26 Mar '05

26 Mar '05

--- In libtech(a)yahoogroups.com, "hbmallikarjuna" <hbmallikarjuna@y...> wrote: LIBRARIAN POST VACANCY IN LITTLE FLOWER PUBLIC SCHOOL, BANGALORE Essential Qualifications: The applicant should be possessing: i)Diploma in library and information science ii)1 year working experience with computer knowledge is essential. iii)Preference will be given to the applicants who residing in Bangalore. Please contact immediately, The Principal, Little flower public school, Banasankari III stage, Bangalore. 080-26422696(Office) --- End forwarded message ---

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request articles
by sheela nag 26 Mar '05

26 Mar '05

hi hello am sheela am a student of departmet of library and information science university of mysore am do the project on "information use pattern of PG lady students "i want to some information about information use pattern or information seeking behaviour pls send some latest information ok thanks. Yahoo! India Matrimony: Find your life partneronline. hi hello am sheela am a student of departmet of library and information science university of mysore am do the project on "information use pattern of PG lady students "i want to some information about information use pattern or information seeking behaviour pls send some latest information ok thanks. http://in.rd.yahoo.com/specials/mailtg/*http://yahoo.shaadi.com/india-matri… Yahoo! India Matrimony : Find your life partner http://in.rd.yahoo.com/specials/mailtg2/*http://yahoo.shaadi.com/india-matr… online .

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Study released on electronic publishing
by Subbiah Arunachalam 26 Mar '05

26 Mar '05

Friends: I received this from the AMERICAN-SCIENTIST-OPEN-ACCESS-FORUM(a)LISTSERVER.SIGMAXI.ORG Hello: I wanted to share with you a summary of the results from a study The Science Advisory Board (http://www.scienceboard.net) just released on electronic publishing. I've included a blurb about it below and would be interested in any feedback or comments you might have regarding the findings. Thanks, Tamara ### The desire to publish one's research cuts across all scientific fields. Whatever the recipe for one's motivations: 1 teaspoon promotion, 3/4 cup tenure, 2 tablespoons salary, 1/4 cup communication, and a dash of enlightenment, researchers primarily rely on specialty journals to accomplish their publication goals. And in a relatively recent trend, they are increasingly turning toward online versions of specialty print journals to accelerate the publication process. This concentration by discipline coincides with the observation that while Nature, Science and Proceedings of the National Academy of Science enjoy widespread readership, researchers primarily read journals that focus on their narrow area of research. In an electronic journals study of more than 1,900 scientific and medical researchers, The Science Advisory Board found that researcher's assign greater value to online journals that directly aid in their career advancement.The primary attraction of the online versions of print journals is their immediacy: an overwhelming 88% of researchers want peer-reviewed articles posted online before the print version appears. Although a newer format, the future of the online versions of print journals appears to be secure. In fact, roughly 25% of the researchers indicated that it was "not at all" important to receive the print edition of a journal if they have access to the online version. Additionally, increasing use of online resources in recent years has lessened the importance of promoting new online journals in paper journals; instead, respondents typically learn about new journals through references in other articles or by searching the Internet for articles on a certain topic. While there appears to be increasing acceptance of the online versions of print journals by the scientific and medical communities, researchers indicated that the specific features unique to online journals can potentially be improved. Overall, 50% of researchers are highly satisfied with the additional information and search features of online journals. In contrast, 75% of researchers are highly satisfied with the content of online journals. Notwithstanding their affinity for electronic publishing, scientists and clinicians do not want cost to constrain their ability to publish papers or review others' work. Researchers indicated that fees related to these services should be nominal (less than $5/page). This value-consciousness influences scientists' opinions regarding the open access publishing system where there was a negative bias towards authors' fees. However despite these objections, fees are not a key determinant for authors when deciding where to submit their papers. This perception also holds true for how they access information. For instance, the acceptance of pay-per-view is growing-from 4% of researchers in a 2001 electronic journals study to 18% in this study. -- Tamara Zemlo, Ph.D., M.P.H. Executive Director ****************************************************** The Science Advisory Board 2111 Wilson Boulevard Suite 250 Arlington, VA 22201 TEL: (703) 778-3080 x 25 FAX: (703) 778-3081 t.zemlo(a)scienceboard.net http://www.scienceboard.net ****************************************************** Send instant messages to your online friends http://uk.messenger.yahoo.com

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OAA at CERN
by Subbiah Arunachalam 25 Mar '05

25 Mar '05

Friends: Here is some good news for OAA supporters around the world. The world's largest particle physics laboratory, CERN, has just adopted and registered its Open Access Policy at: http://www.eprints.org/signup/sign.php http://www.eprints.org/signup/fulllist.php Over 40,000 of CERN's research articles is now OA, and this will soon approach 100% http://archives.eprints.org/eprints.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fcdsweb.cern.ch%2F The policy is temporarily available at: http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Temp/cern.pdf When will Indian universities, IITs, NITs and national labs set up their OA archives. Let us make 2005 the year of open access archives in India. Best wishes. Arun Friends: Here is some good news for OAA supporters around the world. The world's largest particle physics laboratory, CERN, has just adopted and registered its Open Access Policy at: http://www.eprints.org/signup/sign.php http://www.eprints.org/signup/fulllist.php Over 40,000 of CERN's research articles is now OA, and this will soon approach 100% http://archives.eprints.org/eprints.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fcdsweb.cern.ch%2F The policy is temporarily available at: http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Temp/cern.pdf http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Temp/cern.pdf When will Indian universities, IITs, NITs and national labs set up their OA archives. Let us make 2005 the year of open access archives in India. Best wishes. Arun

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request for article
by Yashwant G Kanade 24 Mar '05

24 Mar '05

Repsected Members, Kindly help me to get the following article: Einstein, Albert and Freud, Sigmund. Why War? International Journal of Group Tensions 1:3-25 January-March 1971. Thanks. With regards Yashwant Kanade

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workshop on “Advanced Website Designing and Database Management”
by chauhan 24 Mar '05

24 Mar '05

Dear All, Information and Library Network (INFLIBNET) Centre is organizing a workshop on “Advanced Website Designing and Database Management” during 27th June to 1st July 2005. This workshop is intended for young library and information professionals or computer professionals who need to develop high-quality websites for their universities/institutions/colleges and who are having basic knowledge of HTML. Registration form is available for downloading at INFLIBNET’s website. For more information please visit http://web.inflibnet.ac.in/res/brochure.htm or visit http://www.inflibnet.ac.in . With kind regards ___________________________________________________________________________________ Suresh K Chauhan Project Scientist (LS) Information and Library Network (INFLIBNET) Centre An Inter-University Centre of University Grants Commission Near Gujarat University Guest House Post Box No.4116, Navrangpura, AHMEDABAD - 380 009 India # Tel.: 91 - 079 - 2630 5971 / 2630 4695 Extn: 43; Fax: 2630 0990(Off.) # Email:sureshbabal@yahoo.com; sureshbabal(a)sify.com # URL: http://www.inflibnet.ac.in Dear All, Information and Library Network (INFLIBNET) Centre is organizing a workshop on “Advanced Website Designing and Database Management” during 27 th June to 1 st July 2005 . This workshop is intended for young library and information professionals or computer professionals who need to develop high-quality websites for their universities/institutions/colleges and who are having basic knowledge of HTML. Registration form is available for downloading at INFLIBNET’s website. For more information please visit http://web.inflibnet.ac.in/res/brochure.htm http://web.inflibnet.ac.in/res/brochure.htm or visit http://www.inflibnet.ac.in http://www.inflibnet.ac.in . With kind regards ___________________________________________________________________________________ Suresh K Chauhan Project Scientist (LS) Information and Library Network (INFLIBNET) Centre An Inter-University Centre of University Grants Commission Near Gujarat University Guest House Post Box No.4116, Navrangpura, AHMEDABAD - 380 009 India # Tel.: 91 - 079 - 2630 5971 / 2630 4695 Extn: 43; Fax: 2630 0990(Off.) # Email: mailto:sureshbabal@yahoo.com sureshbabal(a)yahoo.com ; mailto:sureshbabal@sify.com sureshbabal(a)sify.com # URL: http://www.inflibnet.ac.in http://www.inflibnet.ac.in

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Library position opening
by Casius C Issac 24 Mar '05

24 Mar '05

Dear professional colleagues India Today Group is looking for three library professionals at entry level for a project at Delhi Essentially looking for people whom can index documents and photographes . People who are living in Delhi or NCR need only contact him . Interested candidates may call and fix an appointment with Mr Rajesh Sharma (telephone no 23315801 extn 263 )at latest by 25Mar05 telephone no 23315801 extn 263 (before 6 pm) You can also forward a copy of Your biodata to me Regards Casius C Issac Dear professional colleagues India Today Group is looking for three library professionals at entry level for a project at Delhi Essentially looking for people whom can index documents and photographes . People who are living in Delhi or NCR need only contact him . Interested candidates may call and fix an appointment with Mr Rajesh Sharma (telephone no 23315801 extn 263 ) at latest by 25Mar05 telephone no 23315801 extn 263 (before 6 pm) You can also forward a copy of Your biodata to me Regards Casius C Issac

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request for fulltext
by Mailing List Manager 24 Mar '05

24 Mar '05

Date: 22 Mar 2005 10:29:07 -0000 From: Sangeetha Govindasami <sangeetha.govindasami(a)rediffmail.com> To: LIS-Forum(a)ncsi.iisc.ernet.in � Dear Members, One of the student needs the full text of the following articles. If you can help me in getting the articles I will be highly thankful to you. 1. Evaluation of physiological index on treadmill exercise testing of 294 healthy children in Shanghai area , Guo y, Zhou AQ, Gao W, LIF, LIY, Yang JP, Zhu M, Zhang HY , Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi. 2003 May 41 (5) 338-43 2. A comparison of continuous and intermittent progressive multistage exercise testing Fardy PS, Hellerstein HK , Med sci sports. 1978 spring; 10 (1): 7-12 PMID: 672550 [PUBMED-Indexed for MEDLINE] G.Sangeetha Ph.D in the Dept of LIS Annamalai University Tamil Nadu India

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RE: [LIS-Forum] LIS-FORM(request for articles)
by theresa.williams＠wipro.com 23 Mar '05

23 Mar '05

Sangeetha You may also search in Guide to periodical literature under the probable & desired topics Feminist theories. Best wishes Theresa Theresa Williams Information Services Division Wipro Technologies 72,Keonics E-city Hosur road Bangalore 560100 Tel:91-80-51381791 91-80-28520408#1791 FAX:91-80-28520478 VOIP:808-5512 Mobile:9845324613 -----Original Message----- From: lis-forum-bounces(a)ncsi.iisc.ernet.in [mailto:lis-forum-bounces@ncsi.iisc.ernet.in] On Behalf Of Manish Mankad Sent: Friday, March 18, 2005 1:30 PM To: 'Sangeetha Govindasami'; LIS-Forum(a)ncsi.iisc.ernet.in Subject: RE: [LIS-Forum] LIS-FORM(request for articles) You shd search magazines like Economic and Political weekly, Manushi for this issue in context to India. -Manish Mankad Information Services Ext: 208/460 Tel: 022 28276208 Hindustan Lever research Centre B.D. Sawant Marg Andheri (E), Mumbai 400099 INDIA -----Original Message----- From: lis-forum-bounces(a)ncsi.iisc.ernet.in [mailto:lis-forum-bounces@ncsi.iisc.ernet.in]On Behalf Of Sangeetha Govindasami Sent: Friday, March 18, 2005 10:55 AM To: LIS-Forum(a)ncsi.iisc.ernet.in Subject: [LIS-Forum] LIS-FORM(request for articles) Dear Members, I am undergoing a research on gender issues. Hence I need some full text articles on Feminist theories. If any one can help me in sending the articles I would be highly thankful. Sangeetha G.Sangeetha Project Fellow Dept of LIS Annamalai University. _______________________________________________ LIS-Forum mailing list LIS-Forum(a)ncsi.iisc.ernet.in http://ncsi.iisc.ernet.in/mailman/listinfo/lis-forum Confidentiality Notice The information contained in this electronic message and any attachments to this message are intended for the exclusive use of the addressee(s) and may contain confidential or privileged information. If you are not the intended recipient, please notify the sender at Wipro or Mailadmin(a)wipro.com immediately and destroy all copies of this message and any attachments.

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Yahoo to upgrade email storage from 250MB to 1GB
by Farooque Shaheen 23 Mar '05

23 Mar '05

Yahoo today announced it would increase the email storage from 250MB to 1GB. Global storage upgrade will begin in late April and take about two weeks to complete. The Internet media company also said it is beefing up anti-virus protection for free e-mail users, giving them the ability to remove viruses from attachments -- a feature that had only been available to paying users Thanks & Regards, Farooque Shaheen, Caritor India Pvt Ltd. Tel. 080-26678388 # 4105 Mobile-9342507449 Yahoo today announced it would increase the email storage from 250MB to 1GB. Global storage upgrade will begin in late April and take about two weeks to complete. The Internet media company also said it is beefing up anti-virus protection for free e-mail users, giving them the ability to remove viruses from attachments -- a feature that had only been available to paying users Thanks & Regards, Farooque Shaheen, Caritor India Pvt Ltd. Tel. 080-26678388 # 4105 Mobile-9342507449

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temporary position at CFTRI Library
by padmavathi t 23 Mar '05

23 Mar '05

Dear Colleagues (Specially from Mysore), There is a small temporary position fetching about Rs.2000/- p.m at our library. The person must have science background with biological subjects and also knowledge and experience of data entry using CDS/ISIS package. Abstracting/ Indexing knowledge with good typing speed is advantageous. Locals from Mysore with accomodation to stay may contact the head of FOSTIS/Library Services. Thanks T.Padmavathi FOSTIS/Library Services CFTRI, Mysore 570 020 e-mail: fostis(a)cscftri.ren.nic.in Tel No: 0821-2515850 __________________________________ Do you Yahoo!? Yahoo! Small Business - Try our new resources site! http://smallbusiness.yahoo.com/resources/

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Fw: [BOAI] Finnish Prime Minister on OA
by Subbiah Arunachalam 23 Mar '05

23 Mar '05

Friends: The Prime Minister of Finland has spoken unequivocally in favour of open access. In fact, developing countries should be interested in making all knowledge open access much more than developed countries. Will political leaders, science policy makers and administrators of science and higher education in the developing countries follow the example of the Finnish Prime Minister? Or, even better, if heads of research institutions and vice chancellors of universities take the laed and set up their own institutions' interoperable open access archives - as Indian Institute of Science has done. Best wishes. Arun [Subbiah Arunachalam] ----- Original Message ----- From: "Peter Suber" <peters(a)earlham.edu> To: <SPARC-OAForum(a)arl.org>; <boai-forum(a)ecs.soton.ac.uk> Sent: Wednesday, March 23, 2005 2:01 AM Subject: [BOAI] Finnish Prime Minister on OA > [I thank Kimmo Kuusela, both for pointing out this speech and for the > translating this excerpt. --Peter.] > > > The Prime Minister of Finland, Mr. Matti Vanhanen, has said something > positive about open access. From his speech on 12 January (my quick > translation): > > "One important recommendation concerns the advancement of open access > scientific publishing. The goal is that scientific publications will be > freely available on the net for citizens and scholars. At the moment the > usage and availability of the scientific publications is curtailed by the > high subscription fees of printed journals and electronic scientific > publications, and also by publishing agreements in which the scholars > surrender some of their rights to the publishers. In the name of the > progress of science and for the benefit of research it is necessary that > the results of the scientific inquiry reach both the academic community > and the general public as soon and as easily as possible. I regard this > issue especially important also from the point of view of the Information > Society Programme of the government." > > The speech in Finnish: > http://www.valtioneuvosto.fi/vn/liston/base.lsp?r=91325&k=fi&old=1300&rapo=… >

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positions at IMT Nagpur
by Mailing List Manager 22 Mar '05

22 Mar '05

Date: Tue, 22 Mar 2005 09:27:51 +0530 From: Tarun Chaturvedi <tarun.chaturvedi(a)lycos.co.uk> Hi everyone, We're a new campus of Institute of Management Technology Ghaziabad and started our session this year with MBA & MCA Programmes. We have a few positions in our Learning Resource Centre which are to be filled in soon. Minimum requirements for several positions (from Library Assistant to Asstt. Librarian) is as under: a.. Bachelors in Library Science preferably with one year experience in an educational institute. b.. Exposure to Libsys or CDS/ ISIS is desirable. Compensation package will not be a constraint for the right candidate. Please apply before March 15, 2005 days to: Chief Administrative Officer, Institute of Management Technology, 603, Khullar Appts, Byramji Town, Nagpur � 440013. Telefax: 0712-2562232 OR email your resume to tchaturvedi(a)imt.ac.in, tarunchaturvedi(a)imt.ac.in Thanks in anticipation. Tarun Chaturvedi (tchaturvedi(a)imt.ac.in) Librarian, Institute of Management Technology, Campus: 35th KM Milestone, Mouza-Dorli, Katol Road, Nagpur-441302 Telefax: +91 712 256 2232 City Office: 603, Khuller Apartment, Byramji Town, Nagpur-440013 Telefax: +91 712 259 3140

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Re: [DDN] Ourmedia and bridging the content digital divide
by Subbiah Arunachalam 22 Mar '05

22 Mar '05

Dear Andy: >From what I have heard so far, Ourmedia seems to be a very good thing to have happened. I will check it when I get some time. In the meanwhile, I would like you and other member of the DDN network to consider an equivalent site (or system) for all of the world's research output, in particular refereed journal articles in the sciences (including medicine, agriculture and engineerng) social sciences (including economics) and other areas of scholarly inqiry. There is so much new knowledge generated from different parts of the world, but locked away from those who need it and who can use it to advance knowledge. I am sure most of our members are aware of the open access movement and the tremendous benefits open access brings to knowledge creation. I would like to see the tremendous energy and enthusiasm that our members have are in some way channelised to proactively promote the culture of open access worldwide. I have spoken to both Fred Naronha and Partha Sarkar (of bytesforall) about the need to promote OA. I am also in touch with the leading academics promoting OA, such as Peter Suber, Stevan Harnad, Leslie Chan, Barbara Kirsop, Jean Claude Guedon, John Willinsky, Hans Falk Hoffman, and Bernad Schutz. I also realise that we have long way to go before we can achieve the ideal of a level playing field for information access, and we need focused advocacy and public education to achieve universal open access to scientific and scholarly literature. One thing I am sure about is that groups like ours with so many energetic and enthusiastic people with a zeal for public good causes can and must play a role. Especially those who are active in the open source movement and Ourmedia. Regards. Arun [Subbiah Arunachalam] ----- Original Message ----- From: "Andy Carvin" <acarvin(a)edc.org> To: "The Digital Divide Network discussion group" <digitaldivide(a)milhouse.edc.org> Sent: Tuesday, March 22, 2005 1:02 AM Subject: [DDN] Ourmedia and bridging the content digital divide > Like Phil noted earlier today, the launch of Ourmedia.org has generated a > lot of traffic, but I strongly recommend that list members take a few > minutes to visit the site; I think it's one of the most important new > websites to come along in a while. Ourmedia is trying to build an online > commons where anyone who wants to produce Internet content - particularly > podcasts, video blogs and other large media files - will have a free place > where they can host this content. Ourmedia is partnering with The Internet > Archive to host content, and Creative Commons for Internet-friendly > licenses. Just for kicks, I uploaded one of my podcasts yesterday (Anatomy > of a CNN Interview), and it's currently the most downloaded media file on > the Ourmedia site. I'm sure that won't last for very long, because there > are so many people out there with content much better than mine who will > soon be using the site to host their content. > > Anyway, please check out www.ourmedia.org when you get a chance; if it > doesn't work the first time, try and try again, because it's worth it. > This site, I'm sure, will do a lot of great work when it comes to bridging > the content side of the digital divide.... -ac > Andy Carvin

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Help
by kishor.awachar＠wipro.com 21 Mar '05

21 Mar '05

Dear professional, This time UGC NET has changed syllabus for III paper. If we discuss about this then it will help all those who are seeking advice on this. So plz guide about this matter There are guidelines about new pattern on UGC Site but if discussion happens it will help lot Rgds/kishor Confidentiality Notice The information contained in this electronic message and any attachments to this message are intended for the exclusive use of the addressee(s) and may contain confidential or privileged information. If you are not the intended recipient, please notify the sender at Wipro or Mailadmin(a)wipro.com immediately and destroy all copies of this message and any attachments.

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LIS-FORM(request for articles)
by Sangeetha Govindasami 21 Mar '05

21 Mar '05

Dear Members, I am undergoing a research on gender issues. Hence I need some full text articles on Feminist theories. If any one can help me in sending the articles I would be highly thankful. Sangeetha G.Sangeetha Project Fellow Dept of LIS Annamalai University. Dear Members, I am undergoing a research on gender issues. Hence I need some full text articles on Feminist theories. If any one can help me in sending the articles I would be highly thankful. Sangeetha G.Sangeetha Project Fellow Dept of LIS Annamalai University. http://clients.rediff.com/signature/track_sig.asp http://ads.rediff.com/RealMedia/ads/adstream_nx.cgi/www.rediffmail.com/inbo…

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Ethics for forwarded emails
by Aman Jha 21 Mar '05

21 Mar '05

Dear friends,<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /> I receive so many emails from Mr Arun on OA through lis-forum. I read his email sometimes. One or two in a day is acceptable. But today more than 12 emails by him all forwarded emails made me think about my tolerance. I request him to reconsider while sending such emails. Also moderator is requested to think thrice while disseminating such emails. I think professionals would love his emails if he shares his own experience. There are many OA specific email groups and subscribers of that list-serve will better read such emails. Apology if I have hurt Mr Arun. Regards, Aman Jha Librarian Confederation of Indian Industry Plot No 249-F, Udyog Vihar, Phase IV Sector 18, Gurgaon 122015 (Haryana) Tel: 0124-5014060-67 • Fax: 0124-5014080 Dear friends, I receive so many emails from Mr Arun on OA through lis-forum. I read his e mail sometimes. One or two in a day is acceptable. But today more than 12 emails by him all forwarded emails made me think about my tolerance. I request him to reconsider while sending such emails. Also moderator is requested to think thrice while disseminating such emails. I think professionals would love his emails if he shares his own experience. There are many OA specific email groups and subscribers of that list-serve will better read such emails. Apology if I have hurt Mr Arun. Regards, Aman Jha Librarian Confederation of Indian Industry Plot No 249-F, Udyog Vihar, Phase IV Sector 18, Gurgaon 122015 (Haryana) Tel: 0124-5014060-67 • Fax: 0124-5014080

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Full-length novels on tiny mobile screens
by Jayadev P Hiremath 21 Mar '05

21 Mar '05

TOKYO - Your eyes probably hurt just thinking about it: Tens of thousands of Japanese cell-phone owners are poring over full-length novels on their tiny screens. Now, Japan's cell-phone users are turning pages. Several mobile Web sites offer hundreds of novels — classics, best sellers and some works written especially for the medium. It takes some getting used to. Only a few lines pop up at a time because the phone screen is about half the size of a business card. But improvements in the quality of liquid-crystal displays and features such as automatic page-flipping, or scrolling, make the endeavor far more enjoyable than you'd imagine. A library in one hand In the latest versions, cell-phone novels are downloaded in short installments and run on handsets as Java-based applications. You're free to browse as though you're in a bookstore, whether you're at home, in your office or on a commuter train. A whole library can be tucked away in your cell phone — a gadget you carry around anyway. "You can read whenever you have a spare moment, and you don't even need to use both hands," says Taro Matsumura, a 24-year-old graduate student who sometimes reads essays and serial novels on his phone. Such times could be just around the corner in the United States, where cell phones are become increasingly used for relaying data, including video, digital photos and music. U.S. publisher Random House recently bought a stake in VOCEL, a San Diego-based company that provides such mobile-phone products as Scholastic Aptitude Test preparation programs. Random House also said it reached licensing arrangements with VOCEL to provide cell-phone access to the publisher's Living Language foreign language study programs and Prima Games video game strategy guides. Cell-phone books are also gradually starting to get traction in China and South Korea. In Japan, though, some people are really getting hooked, finding the phone an intimate tool for reading. A recent marketing study by Bandai found that more than half the readers are female, and many are reading cell-phone books in their homes. Surprisingly, people are using cell-phone books to catch up on classics they never finished reading. And people are perusing sex manuals and other books they're too embarrassed to be caught reading or buying. More common is keeping an electronic dictionary in your phone in case a need arises.

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Thesis sysnopsis request
by Chitra P Rao 21 Mar '05

21 Mar '05

I request your help in identifying the source for getting synopsis of Thesis, apart from abstracts on the following topic: "Technology based training Focussing on e learning in the Organizational Context" is the thesis topic of one of our PHD students. I am looking for thesis's synopsis on similar topics. Thank You Chitra Rao Sr Librarian and Head LIS NITIE Mumbai 400 087 ph: 28573371 extn 337

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On open access - by an American librarian
by Subbiah Arunachalam 21 Mar '05

21 Mar '05

Please read this 2-page note from an American librarian. http://www.unc.edu/scholcomdig/whitepapers/hemminger.pdf Arun [Subbiah Arunachalam] Please read this 2-page note from an American librarian. http://www.unc.edu/scholcomdig/whitepapers/hemminger.pdf http://www.unc.edu/scholcomdig/whitepapers/hemminger.pdf Arun [Subbiah Arunachalam]

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A biologist looks at OA
by Subbiah Arunachalam 21 Mar '05

21 Mar '05

Friends: Here is an eight-page white paper on OA by an American biologist. http://www.unc.edu/scholcomdig/whitepapers/peet.pdf Arun [Subbiah Arunachalam] Friends: Here is an eight-page white paper on OA by an American biologist. http://www.unc.edu/scholcomdig/whitepapers/peet.pdf http://www.unc.edu/scholcomdig/whitepapers/peet.pdf Arun [Subbiah Arunachalam]

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Wikimania - Call for Papers
by Subbiah Arunachalam 21 Mar '05

21 Mar '05

Friends: Here is a conference some of you may be interested to take part. I received it from my friend Andy Carvin. Arun Wikimania Call for Papers http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimania_Call_for_Papers Wikimania 2005 - The First International Wikimedia Conference will be held in Frankfurt am Main, Germany, from 4 August 2005 to 8 August 2005. Wikimedia is the non-profit organization operating Wikipedia, Wiktionary, Wikisource, Wikibooks, Wikinews, Wikiquote, Wikispecies, and the Wikimedia Commons. We are now accepting papers and other submissions (from everyone within and outside the Wikimedia and Wikipedia communities) for presentations, workshops, and discussion groups. We are also accepting nominations for speaker panels and keynote speakers, and suggestions for other activities. Mail all submissions to cfp(a)wikimedia.org. For more conference information, see http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimania:Main_Page.

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three new studies
by Subbiah Arunachalam 20 Mar '05

20 Mar '05

Friends: Here is some news from Peter Suber's blog. Arun Three repository studies from Eprints UK The Eprints UK project has released three new supporting studies: 1.. Philip Hunter and Michael Day, Institutional repositories, aggregator services and collection development, January 2005. Abstract: 'Institutional repositories are managed collections of the intellectual output of university and other research-based institutions. This report introduces collection development issues from two distinct perspectives. Firstly, it highlights issues that may need to be addressed by institutional repositories as OAI data providers. For example, repositories may need to make decisions on the type, quality and format of content, on submission workflows, rights management, access, sustainability and evaluation. Secondly, the report will consider similar issues from the perspective of third party service providers like ePrints UK that harvest selective metadata from institutional repositories. The concluding section will provide some recommendations on best practice for repositories to support such harvesting.' 2.. Philip Hunter, Institutional e-Print Repositories: Business and IPR Issues, March 16, 2005. Abstract: 'A report summarising business models and IPR issues in the context of the e-Prints UK poject.' Excerpt: 'What is not clear so far is how business models might apply to public organisations such as universities, archives, libraries etc. Many if not most public organisations do nevertheless have extant business models, usually in the form of a mission statement or corporate strategy....Most public organisations, in common with large corporate bodies, tend to employ multiple concurrent business models. For example University Libraries will employ a merchant model in its dealings with publishers and a community model in it's dealings with students....The overriding modus operendi for UK public organisations, however, is a model that is essentially fixed by the community through the government. For Universities this model works something like this: The government collects taxes and gives part of that money to educators. The educators increase the potential value of the workforce by producing well educated students. The students join the workforce, earn money and pay tax to the Government. This type of model could be called a social subscription model....Public organisations should embrace the OA approach for the following reasons. Sharing knowledge is a primary function and as we have seen is already written into their business models. It provides one means of conforming to the freedom of information acts - enacted Europe wide in 2000 and 2001....Any organisation using a public subscription model is very likely to be both amenable to and gain benefit from integrating the OA approach. Many private organisations could benefit from the OA approach at some level.' 3.. Michael Day, Institutional repositories and research assessment, undated. Abstract: 'This study concerns the potential role of institutional repositories in supporting research assessment in universities with specific reference to the Research Assessment Exercises in the UK. After a brief look at research evaluation methods, it introduces the UK Research Assessment Exercise (RAE), focusing on its role in determining the distribution of research funding, the assessment process itself, and some concerns that have been raised by participants and observers. The study will then introduce institutional repositories and consider the ways in which they might be used to enhance the research assessment process in the UK. It will first consider the role of repositories in providing institutional support for the submission and review process. Secondly, the paper will consider the ways in which citation linking between papers in repositories might be used as the basis for generating quantitative data on research impact that could be used for assessment. Thirdly, this study will consider other ways in which repositories might be able to provide quantitative data, e.g. usage statistics or Webometric link data, which may be able to be used - together with other indicators - to support the evaluation of research.' These are the second, third, and fourth supporting studies from Eprints UK. The first came out in May 2003: Michael Day, Prospects for institutional e-print repositories in the United Kingdom. Friends: Here is some news from Peter Suber's blog. Arun Three repository studies from Eprints UK [A] The http://www.rdn.ac.uk/projects/eprints-uk/ Eprints UK project has released three new http://www.rdn.ac.uk/projects/eprints-uk/docs/ supporting studies : Philip Hunter and Michael Day, http://www.rdn.ac.uk/projects/eprints-uk/docs/studies/coll-development/coll… Institutional repositories, aggregator services and collection development , January 2005. Abstract: 'Institutional repositories are managed collections of the intellectual output of university and other research-based institutions. This report introduces collection development issues from two distinct perspectives. Firstly, it highlights issues that may need to be addressed by institutional repositories as OAI data providers. For example, repositories may need to make decisions on the type, quality and format of content, on submission workflows, rights management, access, sustainability and evaluation. Secondly, the report will consider similar issues from the perspective of third party service providers like ePrints UK that harvest selective metadata from institutional repositories. The concluding section will provide some recommendations on best practice for repositories to support such harvesting.' Philip Hunter, http://www.rdn.ac.uk/projects/eprints-uk/docs/studies/business-ipr/business… Institutional e-Print Repositories: Business and IPR Issues , March 16, 2005. Abstract: 'A report summarising business models and IPR issues in the context of the e-Prints UK poject.' Excerpt: 'What is not clear so far is how business models might apply to public organisations such as universities, archives, libraries etc. Many if not most public organisations do nevertheless have extant business models, usually in the form of a mission statement or corporate strategy....Most public organisations, in common with large corporate bodies, tend to employ multiple concurrent business models. For example University Libraries will employ a merchant model in its dealings with publishers and a community model in it's dealings with students....The overriding modus operendi for UK public organisations, however, is a model that is essentially fixed by the community through the government. For Universities this model works something like this: The government collects taxes and gives part of that money to educators. The educators increase the potential value of the workforce by producing well educated students. The students join the workforce, earn money and pay tax to the Government. This type of model could be called a social subscription model....Public organisations should embrace the OA approach for the following reasons. Sharing knowledge is a primary function and as we have seen is already written into their business models. It provides one means of conforming to the freedom of information acts - enacted Europe wide in 2000 and 2001....Any organisation using a public subscription model is very likely to be both amenable to and gain benefit from integrating the OA approach. Many private organisations could benefit from the OA approach at some level.' Michael Day, http://www.rdn.ac.uk/projects/eprints-uk/docs/studies/rae/rae-study.pdf Institutional repositories and research assessment , undated. Abstract: 'This study concerns the potential role of institutional repositories in supporting research assessment in universities with specific reference to the Research Assessment Exercises in the UK. After a brief look at research evaluation methods, it introduces the UK Research Assessment Exercise (RAE), focusing on its role in determining the distribution of research funding, the assessment process itself, and some concerns that have been raised by participants and observers. The study will then introduce institutional repositories and consider the ways in which they might be used to enhance the research assessment process in the UK. It will first consider the role of repositories in providing institutional support for the submission and review process. Secondly, the paper will consider the ways in which citation linking between papers in repositories might be used as the basis for generating quantitative data on research impact that could be used for assessment. Thirdly, this study will consider other ways in which repositories might be able to provide quantitative data, e.g. usage statistics or Webometric link data, which may be able to be used - together with other indicators - to support the evaluation of research.' These are the second, third, and fourth supporting studies from Eprints UK. The first came out in May 2003: Michael Day, http://www.rdn.ac.uk/projects/eprints-uk/docs/studies/impact/ Prospects for institutional e-print repositories in the United Kingdom .

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Wellcome Trust and OA
by Subbiah Arunachalam 20 Mar '05

20 Mar '05

Friends: Robert Terry of the Wellcome Trust has written an excellent article in the March issue of PLoS, the wel-known open access journal. I found it interesting. Hope you do too. Thanks and best wishes. Arun [Subbiah Arunachalam] ----- PLoS Biology Volume 3 | Issue 3 | MARCH 2005 Funding the Way to Open Access Robert Terry Robert Terry is Senior Policy Adviser at the Wellcome Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom. E-mail: r.terry(a)wellcome.ac.uk Published: March 15, 2005 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0030097 Copyright: © 2005 Robert Terry. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abbreviations: UKPMC, United Kingdom PubMed Central Citation: Terry R (2005) Funding the Way to Open Access. PLoS Biol 3(3): e97. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Imagine this scenario. You're the director of one of the world's largest medical research charities, and you receive notification from one of your funded investigators in Africa reporting some exciting progress toward the development of a vaccine for malaria. The work has just been published, so you log onto the Web to do a quick keyword search, and a link to the article is brought up on your screen. Then imagine the frustration when you click on the link to read the message, "Access Denied-access to this journal is restricted to registered institutional and individual subscribers." And there's the rub: this actually happened to the Director of the Wellcome Trust. Prior to this, the committee that advises the Wellcome Trust Library were already asking whether the Trust should adopt a formal position on the continually increasing prices of journal subscriptions and the problems this trend was causing research libraries. These events encouraged the Trust to investigate the publication of scientific research, to see if there was anything research-funding organisations could be doing to stimulate change in what appears to be a failing market. As it turns out, there is quite a lot. I now believe it is the funders of research-charities, governments, and other publicly funded bodies such as national research agencies-who hold the purse strings that can untie scientific discoveries from a publishing market that is no longer serving the community as well as it could. That is why today the Trust is a leading advocate for enabling free access to research literature through support for new publishing models, such as that of the Public Library of Science, and the establishment of publicly accessible repositories, working in partnership with the United States National Institutes of Health-funded PubMed Central [1]. It is worth noting that the Trust is not a novice in seeking better ways to disseminate research findings. The fact that the sequence of the human genome is an openly accessible work is due in large measure to the Trust's determination that this information be in the public domain and not hidden behind commercial subscriptions. As a consequence of that insistence, we believe, these data are a more widely used and valuable resource. "Trust-funded researchers will have to deposit an electronic version of their manuscripts in PMC to be made available for free via the Internet within 6 months of publication." The Trust began its investigation of the scientific publishing sector by commissioning two pieces of research: one to inform itself of the economics of the publishing sector, and a second to explore whether there were alternative business models out there that could enable research to have the quality assurance it needs (peer review) whilst being available for free, using the Web as the medium of publication. The Economics of Publishing The first Trust-commissioned study described how scientific research publishing has traditionally worked and why it can be described, in economic terms, as a failing market [2]. Essentially, the producers (researchers as authors) and the consumers (researchers as readers) are isolated from any of the costs within the system. Researchers give away the copyright to their work, for free, to the publishers, who organise the peer review and copyedit the article. The publishers then sell it to libraries at prices that range from enough to cover their costs through to some pretty high profits-some over 30%. These profits escape from an otherwise self-contained financial cycle to satisfy shareholders or run learned societies; unlike typical publishing relationships, none are returned directly to the author (the researcher who wrote the piece) or even to the consulting experts (the researchers who provided the peer review). At the same time, researchers as readers access the material, if they are able to do so, through their employing institution, either using the library or-more typically now-via the Internet through the institution's subscription. To the researcher this access appears free, effectively creating a market system that has no pressures from the producers or consumers to change. One consequence of this is that publishers have been able to increase subscription prices well above inflation; the United Kingdom has seen subscription rates rise by more than 200% in the last ten years (Blackwell's periodical price indexes; [3]). The money used to fund UK libraries is all public money, and over 90% of the funds paying for research in the UK university system is either government or charitable [4]-so in a sense the people who are paying for the research cannot access its findings without paying an additional fee. Access denied at The Journal of Infectious Diseases This then begs the question of what alternatives there are to this traditional system, now that the Internet has become the researcher's tool of choice for searching and accessing the literature. The second piece of research commissioned by the Trust looked at different business models for research publishing, in order to address this question [5]. It compared open-access journals, which often levy a charge to publish but provide the journal for free, and the majority of the traditional models, which take the research for free but charge readers to read it. This study convinced the Trust that the best way forward to improve access to research findings would be through open access to scientific research articles. This essentially means two things: first, that the copyright holder or holders must grant to the public a free, irrevocable, perpetual license to use, copy, distribute, and make derivative works of their research article, in any medium for any purpose (excepting those that constitute plagiarism or other dishonest acts, of course); and second, that a digital copy must be deposited in an open public archival repository (for example, the US National Library of Medicine's PubMed Central). Whilst a debate continues as to the most appropriate route to achieve open access to all research literature, it is important to bear in mind that the publication and the archiving of research articles are intrinsically linked. Both aspects of open access need to be explored and experimented with, and the Trust is actively pursuing solutions for the problems of both. Alternative Business Models The findings of the second report seem to have caused quite a controversy-particularly in the suggestion that moving wholesale to an open-access publishing model might produce savings of up to 30% [6]. One common misinterpretation of this conclusion is that any such savings would be due solely to discontinuing the printed versions of publications that are freely available online. This is incorrect. In fact, if savings are to be made in an open-access model, they will largely be found in the variable costs of journal production-since an open-access journal will not have to cover the costs of subscription management, licence negotiations, or sales, and little is required for marketing and distribution. In a comparison included in the report, an article in a good- to high-quality journal produced in the subscription model is estimated to cost US$2,750. The equivalent cost under an author-side payment model is estimated as US$1,950-a comparable saving of 30% on the costs, and a saving of 90% when the variable costs are compared. It must be remembered that cost does not equate to price, so to these figures, regardless of the mode of publication, must be added overhead expenses and, of course, profit. However, if a truly competitive market is created-where payments are directed to publishers not by third parties but by those directly involved in the scientific enterprise, who could easily compare the varying article processing charges of different open-access publishers-then the actual savings might well be substantially higher. At its essence though, the open-access debate is not about economics, it is about access. That is why the Trust has been in discussion with the US National Library of Medicine about the possibility of creating a UK PubMed Central (UKPMC) as a publicly accessible repository for Trust-funded research. UK PubMed Central The proposal is that a UKPMC will be run as a proper electronic library: it will collect, collate, and archive whole journals and be developed to receive single articles as well. Submission will be as straightforward as attaching a document to an email. UKPMC will be able to accept manuscripts in any format, including Microsoft Word, and it will be the responsibility of UKPMC to convert the files it receives into extensible markup language (XML) to enable the appropriate document type definition (DTD) to be assigned. UKPMC will also correct the structural, content, and consistency errors that occur when converting text for digital preservation, and provide the conversion process to print a "clear" PDF version of included articles to those users who download them. This is a process well used by the National Library of Medicine, and the one most suited for the long-term, digital preservation of articles. And once articles are in a digital format they can be searched and used in different ways. For example, genome sequence data, chemical compounds, or protein structures embedded within an article can be searched for in other articles and linked directly to genome or structural databases uncovering new genetic markers, drug uses, or protein functions. The articles themselves become live research material greatly improving the efficacy of the research itself. For a funder, having all its research in one format, "under one roof", and searchable will improve the efficiency of strategy setting-for example, setting funding priorities-assessing the outputs of the funded research, and even gaining an insight into the impact of the work. As grants management becomes more electronic, there can be a direct link between original research proposals and the research outputs. For a medical charity like the Trust, I believe it is our duty to actively encourage the most efficient processes available to maximise the likelihood that the research we fund will have the greatest possible health benefit. That is why the Trust will be making it a requirement of its grant conditions that Trust-funded researchers deposit an electronic version of their manuscripts in UKPMC to be made available for free via the Internet within 6 months of publication. The delay means that this is not open access in the truest sense. However, the Trust considers that the development of a PubMed Central portal in the UK offers the best next step in the transition towards a situation where all high-quality peer-reviewed research is available for free via the Internet, whilst leaving all publishers room for manoeuvre in this changing market. References 1.. Wellcome Trust (2004 November 4) Wellcome Trust and National Library of Medicine in talks for worldwide open access archive. Available: http://www.wellcome.ac.uk/doc_WTX022826.html. Accessed 19 January 2005. 2.. Wellcome Trust (2003 October) An economic analysis of scientific research publishing: A report commissioned by the Wellcome Trust, revised ed. Available: http://www.wellcome.ac.uk/assets/wtd003182.pdf. Accessed 19 January 2005. 3.. LISU (2002) LISU annual library statistics 2002. Leicestershire: LISU. 4.. Department of Trade and Industry HM Treasury Department for Education and Skills (2002 July) Investing in innovation: A strategy for science, engineering and technology. Available: http://www.ost.gov.uk/policy/science_strategy.pdf. Accessed 19 January 2005. 5.. Wellcome Trust (2004 April) Costs and business models in scientific research publishing: A report commissioned by the Wellcome Trust. Available: http://www.wellcome.ac.uk/assets/wtd003184.pdf. Accessed 19 January 2005. 6.. Wellcome Trust (2004 April 1) New report reveals open access could reduce cost of scientific publishing by up to 30 per cent. Available: http://www.wellcome.ac.uk/doc_WTD002874.html. Accessed 19 January 2005. Friends: Robert Terry of the Wellcome Trust has written an excellent article in the March issue of PLoS, the wel-known open access journal. I found it interesting. Hope you do too. Thanks and best wishes. Arun [Subbiah Arunachalam] ----- PLoS Biology http://biology.plosjournals.org/perlserv/?request=get-toc&issn=1545-7885&vo… Volume 3 | Issue 3 | MARCH 2005 Funding the Way to Open Access Robert Terry [A] Robert Terry is Senior Policy Adviser at the Wellcome Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom. E-mail: mailto:r.terry@wellcome.ac.uk r.terry(a)wellcome.ac.uk Published: March 15, 2005 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0030097 Copyright: © 2005 Robert Terry. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. [A] Abbreviations: UKPMC, United Kingdom PubMed Central Citation: Terry R (2005) Funding the Way to Open Access. PLoS Biol 3(3): e97. Imagine this scenario. You're the director of one of the world's largest medical research charities, and you receive notification from one of your funded investigators in Africa reporting some exciting progress toward the development of a vaccine for malaria. The work has just been published, so you log onto the Web to do a quick keyword search, and a link to the article is brought up on your screen. Then imagine the frustration when you click on the link to read the message, Access Deniedaccess to this journal is restricted to registered institutional and individual subscribers. And there's the rub: this actually happened to the Director of the Wellcome Trust. Prior to this, the committee that advises the Wellcome Trust Library were already asking whether the Trust should adopt a formal position on the continually increasing prices of journal subscriptions and the problems this trend was causing research libraries. These events encouraged the Trust to investigate the publication of scientific research, to see if there was anything research-funding organisations could be doing to stimulate change in what appears to be a failing market. As it turns out, there is quite a lot. I now believe it is the funders of researchcharities, governments, and other publicly funded bodies such as national research agencieswho hold the purse strings that can untie scientific discoveries from a publishing market that is no longer serving the community as well as it could. That is why today the Trust is a leading advocate for enabling free access to research literature through support for new publishing models, such as that of the Public Library of Science, and the establishment of publicly accessible repositories, working in partnership with the United States National Institutes of Healthfunded PubMed Central [ http://biology.plosjournals.org/perlserv/?request=get-document&doi=10.1371/… 1 ]. [A] http://biology.plosjournals.org/perlserv/?request=slideshow&type=figure&doi… It is worth noting that the Trust is not a novice in seeking better ways to disseminate research findings. The fact that the sequence of the human genome is an openly accessible work is due in large measure to the Trust's determination that this information be in the public domain and not hidden behind commercial subscriptions. As a consequence of that insistence, we believe, these data are a more widely used and valuable resource. Trust-funded researchers will have to deposit an electronic version of their manuscripts in PMC to be made available for free via the Internet within 6 months of publication. The Trust began its investigation of the scientific publishing sector by commissioning two pieces of research: one to inform itself of the economics of the publishing sector, and a second to explore whether there were alternative business models out there that could enable research to have the quality assurance it needs (peer review) whilst being available for free, using the Web as the medium of publication. The Economics of Publishing The first Trust-commissioned study described how scientific research publishing has traditionally worked and why it can be described, in economic terms, as a failing market [ http://biology.plosjournals.org/perlserv/?request=get-document&doi=10.1371/… 2 ]. Essentially, the producers (researchers as authors) and the consumers (researchers as readers) are isolated from any of the costs within the system. Researchers give away the copyright to their work, for free, to the publishers, who organise the peer review and copyedit the article. The publishers then sell it to libraries at prices that range from enough to cover their costs through to some pretty high profitssome over 30%. These profits escape from an otherwise self-contained financial cycle to satisfy shareholders or run learned societies; unlike typical publishing relationships, none are returned directly to the author (the researcher who wrote the piece) or even to the consulting experts (the researchers who provided the peer review). At the same time, researchers as readers access the material, if they are able to do so, through their employing institution, either using the library ormore typically nowvia the Internet through the institution's subscription. To the researcher this access appears free, effectively creating a market system that has no pressures from the producers or consumers to change. One consequence of this is that publishers have been able to increase subscription prices well above inflation; the United Kingdom has seen subscription rates rise by more than 200% in the last ten years (Blackwell's periodical price indexes; [ http://biology.plosjournals.org/perlserv/?request=get-document&doi=10.1371/… 3 ]). The money used to fund UK libraries is all public money, and over 90% of the funds paying for research in the UK university system is either government or charitable [ http://biology.plosjournals.org/perlserv/?request=get-document&doi=10.1371/… 4 ]so in a sense the people who are paying for the research cannot access its findings without paying an additional fee. http://biology.plosjournals.org/perlserv/?request=get-document&doi=10.1371/… [A] http://biology.plosjournals.org/perlserv/?request=slideshow&type=figure&doi… http://biology.plosjournals.org/archive/1545-7885/3/3/figure/10.1371_journa… http://biology.plosjournals.org/perlserv/?request=slideshow&type=figure&doi… Access denied at The Journal of Infectious Diseases This then begs the question of what alternatives there are to this traditional system, now that the Internet has become the researcher's tool of choice for searching and accessing the literature. The second piece of research commissioned by the Trust looked at different business models for research publishing, in order to address this question [ http://biology.plosjournals.org/perlserv/?request=get-document&doi=10.1371/… 5 ]. It compared open-access journals, which often levy a charge to publish but provide the journal for free, and the majority of the traditional models, which take the research for free but charge readers to read it. This study convinced the Trust that the best way forward to improve access to research findings would be through open access to scientific research articles. This essentially means two things: first, that the copyright holder or holders must grant to the public a free, irrevocable, perpetual license to use, copy, distribute, and make derivative works of their research article, in any medium for any purpose (excepting those that constitute plagiarism or other dishonest acts, of course); and second, that a digital copy must be deposited in an open public archival repository (for example, the US National Library of Medicine's PubMed Central). Whilst a debate continues as to the most appropriate route to achieve open access to all research literature, it is important to bear in mind that the publication and the archiving of research articles are intrinsically linked. Both aspects of open access need to be explored and experimented with, and the Trust is actively pursuing solutions for the problems of both. Alternative Business Models The findings of the second report seem to have caused quite a controversyparticularly in the suggestion that moving wholesale to an open-access publishing model might produce savings of up to 30% [ http://biology.plosjournals.org/perlserv/?request=get-document&doi=10.1371/… 6 ]. One common misinterpretation of this conclusion is that any such savings would be due solely to discontinuing the printed versions of publications that are freely available online. This is incorrect. In fact, if savings are to be made in an open-access model, they will largely be found in the variable costs of journal productionsince an open-access journal will not have to cover the costs of subscription management, licence negotiations, or sales, and little is required for marketing and distribution. In a comparison included in the report, an article in a good- to high-quality journal produced in the subscription model is estimated to cost US$2,750. The equivalent cost under an author-side payment model is estimated as US$1,950a comparable saving of 30% on the costs, and a saving of 90% when the variable costs are compared. It must be remembered that cost does not equate to price, so to these figures, regardless of the mode of publication, must be added overhead expenses and, of course, profit. However, if a truly competitive market is createdwhere payments are directed to publishers not by third parties but by those directly involved in the scientific enterprise, who could easily compare the varying article processing charges of different open-access publishersthen the actual savings might well be substantially higher. At its essence though, the open-access debate is not about economics, it is about access. That is why the Trust has been in discussion with the US National Library of Medicine about the possibility of creating a UK PubMed Central (UKPMC) as a publicly accessible repository for Trust-funded research. UK PubMed Central The proposal is that a UKPMC will be run as a proper electronic library: it will collect, collate, and archive whole journals and be developed to receive single articles as well. Submission will be as straightforward as attaching a document to an email. UKPMC will be able to accept manuscripts in any format, including Microsoft Word, and it will be the responsibility of UKPMC to convert the files it receives into extensible markup language (XML) to enable the appropriate document type definition (DTD) to be assigned. UKPMC will also correct the structural, content, and consistency errors that occur when converting text for digital preservation, and provide the conversion process to print a clear PDF version of included articles to those users who download them. This is a process well used by the National Library of Medicine, and the one most suited for the long-term, digital preservation of articles. And once articles are in a digital format they can be searched and used in different ways. For example, genome sequence data, chemical compounds, or protein structures embedded within an article can be searched for in other articles and linked directly to genome or structural databases uncovering new genetic markers, drug uses, or protein functions. The articles themselves become live research material greatly improving the efficacy of the research itself. For a funder, having all its research in one format, under one roof, and searchable will improve the efficiency of strategy settingfor example, setting funding prioritiesassessing the outputs of the funded research, and even gaining an insight into the impact of the work. As grants management becomes more electronic, there can be a direct link between original research proposals and the research outputs. For a medical charity like the Trust, I believe it is our duty to actively encourage the most efficient processes available to maximise the likelihood that the research we fund will have the greatest possible health benefit. That is why the Trust will be making it a requirement of its grant conditions that Trust-funded researchers deposit an electronic version of their manuscripts in UKPMC to be made available for free via the Internet within 6 months of publication. The delay means that this is not open access in the truest sense. However, the Trust considers that the development of a PubMed Central portal in the UK offers the best next step in the transition towards a situation where all high-quality peer-reviewed research is available for free via the Internet, whilst leaving all publishers room for manoeuvre in this changing market. References [A] Wellcome Trust (2004 November 4) Wellcome Trust and National Library of Medicine in talks for worldwide open access archive. Available: http://www.wellcome.ac.uk/doc_WTX022826.html http://www.wellcome.ac.uk/doc_WTX022826.html . Accessed 19 January 2005. [A] Wellcome Trust (2003 October) An economic analysis of scientific research publishing: A report commissioned by the Wellcome Trust, revised ed. Available: http://www.wellcome.ac.uk/assets/wtd003182.pdf http://www.wellcome.ac.uk/assets/wtd003182.pdf . Accessed 19 January 2005. [A] LISU (2002) LISU annual library statistics 2002. Leicestershire: LISU. [A] Department of Trade and Industry HM Treasury Department for Education and Skills (2002 July) Investing in innovation: A strategy for science, engineering and technology. Available: http://www.ost.gov.uk/policy/science_strategy.pdf http://www.ost.gov.uk/policy/science_strategy.pdf . Accessed 19 January 2005. [A] Wellcome Trust (2004 April) Costs and business models in scientific research publishing: A report commissioned by the Wellcome Trust. Available: http://www.wellcome.ac.uk/assets/wtd003184.pdf http://www.wellcome.ac.uk/assets/wtd003184.pdf . Accessed 19 January 2005. [A] Wellcome Trust (2004 April 1) New report reveals open access could reduce cost of scientific publishing by up to 30 per cent. Available: http://www.wellcome.ac.uk/doc_WTD002874.html http://www.wellcome.ac.uk/doc_WTD002874.html . Accessed 19 January 2005.

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