- LIS-Forum - ncsi.iisc.ernet.in

Request a document
by murari 30 Sep '03

30 Sep '03

Dear colleagues, I have searched at many places but could not find following document nor the publisher of the journal. Would appreciate if someone can help with a copy. We would pay for the charges if any. Genetics and molecular research, vol. 1, no 3, 2002, pp. 178-215 Female remating, sperm competition and sexual selection in Drosophila. Singh, SR;Singh, BN;Hoenigsberg, HF With warm regards, Murari P Tapaswi National Information Centre for Marine Sciences (NICMAS) National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula 403 004 Goa, India Phone: 91-(0)832-2450275 (Direct); 91-(0)832-2450450 (Institute) Fax: 91-(0)832-2450602

3 2

Fwd: Libraries of the Ancient World
by Mailing List Manager 30 Sep '03

30 Sep '03

Date: Mon, 29 Sep 2003 14:14:39 +0100 (BST) From: "[iso-8859-1] Prof. N. Laxman Rao." <naglaxman(a)yahoo.com> Date: Mon, 29 Sep 2003 12:53:39 +0100 (BST) > From: madhav rao > Subject: Libraries of the Ancient World > To: naglaxman(a)yahoo.com > > Dear Sir, > > A collection of books used for reading or study, or > the building or room in which such a collection is > kept. The word derives from the Latin Liber, "a book," > whereas a Latinized Greek word, bibliotheca, is the > origin of the word for library in German, Russian, and > the Romance languages. -----Encyclopedia Britannica > > Table of Contents > Introduction > General History > Library of Nineveh > Library of Nippur > Library of Alexandria > Library of Pergamum > Libraries of Ephesus > Libraries of Rome > Qumran > Conclusion > Bibliography > > See the URL: > http://www.tulsasda.com/staff/russ/russ/history/libraries/Libraries.htm > > Regards > A. Madhava Rao > Nexus Information Services Corporation > Secunderabad

1 0

More info for Dr Murari
by prafulla＠nisc.co.in 30 Sep '03

30 Sep '03

Dear Dr Murari: This jl is freely available on the Net: http://www.funpecrp.com.br/gmr/ Thanks T.V. Prafulla Chandra --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- NISC Export Services Pvt. Ltd. (an affiliate of NISC International, Inc. USA) S-1 Ballad Estates, St.Ann's School Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500 017 Andhra Pradesh, India - Tel:+91 40 27001517 Tel/Fax:+91 40 27002538 WWW.NISC.COM A company in service to NISC worldwide. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1 0

Reply to Dr Murari
by prafulla＠nisc.co.in 30 Sep '03

30 Sep '03

Dear Dr Murari: The author address and email may perhaps help you: Female remating, sperm competition and sexual selection in Drosophila. Author: Singh, Shree Ram; Singh, Bashisth N.; Hoenigsberg, Hugo F. Author Affiliation: Singh, Bashisth N.: Genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005, India; e-mail: bnsingh(a)banaras.ernet.in, hoenisbe(a)www.umb.edu.co T.V. Prafulla Chandra --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- NISC Export Services Pvt. Ltd. (an affiliate of NISC International, Inc. USA) S-1 Ballad Estates, St.Ann's School Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500 017 Andhra Pradesh, India - Tel:+91 40 27001517 Tel/Fax:+91 40 27002538 WWW.NISC.COM A company in service to NISC worldwide. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1 0

Professional development opportunity (fwd)
by Shyam Prasad pujar 30 Sep '03

30 Sep '03

CALL FOR APPLICATIONS--Please Distribute to Colleagues The Museums, Arts and Humanities Division (MAHD) of SLA will reimburse travel expenses of up to $1,000.00 for a professional librarian from a developing country to attend the SLA Annual Conference in Nashville, Tennessee, June 5-10, 2004. Also covered by MAHD are costs of conference registration ($435) and tickets to all MAHD-sponsored events. Deadline for applications is January 23,2004. Criteria with application information is available online at http://www.sla.org/division/dmah/Travel%20Grant.htm. Martha McPhail Chair, Museums, Arts and Humanities Division, 2003/2004 Special Libraries Association mmcphail(a)mail.sdsu.edu San Diego State University 619-594-6736

1 0

RE: [LIS-Forum] Request a document
by lalitha 30 Sep '03

30 Sep '03

Dear Mr. Tapaswi, Publisher is : FUNPEC - Fundação de Pesquisas Científicas de Ribeirão Preto, Brazil http://www.funpecrp.com.br/ and full text can be accessed at http://www.funpecrp.com.br/gmr/year2002/vol3-1/pdf/gmr0034.pdf lalitha IIL- J-Gate Team -----Original Message----- From: murari [mailto:murari@darya.nio.org] Sent: Tuesday, September 30, 2003 9:28 AM To: 'Lis-Forum@Ncsi. Iisc. Ernet. In' Subject: [LIS-Forum] Request a document Dear colleagues, I have searched at many places but could not find following document nor the publisher of the journal. Would appreciate if someone can help with a copy. We would pay for the charges if any. Genetics and molecular research, vol. 1, no 3, 2002, pp. 178-215 Female remating, sperm competition and sexual selection in Drosophila. Singh, SR;Singh, BN;Hoenigsberg, HF With warm regards, Murari P Tapaswi National Information Centre for Marine Sciences (NICMAS) National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula 403 004 Goa, India Phone: 91-(0)832-2450275 (Direct); 91-(0)832-2450450 (Institute) Fax: 91-(0)832-2450602 _______________________________________________ LIS-Forum mailing list LIS-Forum(a)ncsi.iisc.ernet.in http://ncsi.iisc.ernet.in/mailman/listinfo/lis-forum

1 0

Fw: [LIS-Forum] Request a document
by murari 30 Sep '03

30 Sep '03

Dear Colleagues, Thanks to Mr AnilKumar of GEITC sent me a copy of the same and Mr Raju of Siemens Public Communication Network indicated that it is available online. Thanks once again to the colleagues for prompt action. With warm regards, -Tapaswi ----- Original Message ----- From: murari <murari(a)darya.nio.org> To: 'Lis-Forum@Ncsi. Iisc. Ernet. In' <lis-forum(a)ncsi.iisc.ernet.in> Sent: Tuesday, September 30, 2003 9:28 AM Subject: [LIS-Forum] Request a document > Dear colleagues, > > I have searched at many places but could not find following document nor the > publisher of the journal. Would appreciate if someone can help with a copy. > We would pay for the charges if any. > > Genetics and molecular research, vol. 1, no 3, 2002, pp. 178-215 > Female remating, sperm competition and sexual selection in Drosophila. > Singh, SR;Singh, BN;Hoenigsberg, HF > > With warm regards, > > Murari P Tapaswi > National Information Centre for Marine Sciences (NICMAS) > National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula 403 004 Goa, India > Phone: 91-(0)832-2450275 (Direct); 91-(0)832-2450450 (Institute) > Fax: 91-(0)832-2450602 > > > _______________________________________________ > LIS-Forum mailing list > LIS-Forum(a)ncsi.iisc.ernet.in > http://ncsi.iisc.ernet.in/mailman/listinfo/lis-forum

1 0

Thomson Scientific Nobel Predictions
by Subbiah Arunachalam 30 Sep '03

30 Sep '03

Dear friends: Here is a list of outstanding performers who MIGHT figure in this year's Nobel Prize awards. I got it from ISI. You are free to circulate it among your friends and colleagues. Arun

1 0

Fwd: The History of Media Librarianship: A Chronology
by Prof. N. Laxman Rao. 29 Sep '03

29 Sep '03

> From: madhav rao <madhavdkj_vsnp(a)yahoo.co.in> > Subject: The History of Media Librarianship: A Chronology > Before media centers could be established, non-print > technological instructional aids had to be developed. > > Before libraries could be established, "books" had to > be written. > > But before books could be written man had to learn how > to write. > > Thus the beginnings of today's library media centers > must be traced back to the earliest beginnings of > writing more than 5,000 years ago.' > > -------Amy R. Loucks-DiMatteo > > The following is a chronology of the history of media > librarianship. Although the term "media" includes both > print and non-print materials, this history primarily > explores the development of non-print materials. > > See the URL for more!! > > http://www.sis.buffalo.edu/faculty/ellison/Syllabi/519Complete/readings/his… > > Regards > A. Madhava Rao > Nexus Information Services Corporation > Secunderabad >---------------------------------------- The History of Media Librarianship: A Chronology Amy R. Loucks-DiMatteo Before media centers could be established, non-print technological instructional aids had to be developed. Before libraries could be established, "books" had to be written. But before books could be written man had to learn how to write. Thus the beginnings of today's library media centers must be traced back to the earliest beginnings of writing more than 5,000 years ago.' THE following is a chronology of the history of media librarianship. Although the term "media" includes both print and non-print materials, this history primarily explores the development of non-print materials. The information is arranged chronologically. The symbol (c.) preceding a date indicates that the date has been approximated. The symbol(_____) indicates that a date has not been determined, but an effort has been made to fit the information in the proper place in the chronology. The dates and information listed have been taken directly from the sources cited; therefore, it is likely that the reader will find some conflicting dates and information. Non-print media probably originated in the Orient, where shadow shows entertained the people for over two thousand years.2 A reliance upon visuals has been demonstrated since early history through cave wall drawings, Egyptian pictographs, Babylonian maps, clay tablets, medieval art works, Renaissance woodcuts, and early illustrated books.3 Mesopotamia, the country between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, introduced writing to the world. The Sumerian people who inhabited Mesopotamia used the cylinder seal to mark and identify their property.4 Other cultures developed early forms of writing which were of two basic types: cuneiform and hieroglyphics. Cuneiform writing resembled wedge shaped characters and was used by the Sumerians, Akhadians, Babylonians, Assyrians, and the Persians. Egyptian hieroglyphics used figures or objects to represent sounds or words.5 Over a thousand years passed from the development of syllabic writing until alphabetic writing was developed. Although a contribution of the Near East alphabetic writing was adapted as an instrument of communication by the Greeks. The twenty-six character alphabet used today in Western cultures was developed by the Romans.6 1700 B.C. The Babylonians were the first to establish libraries. (Cushing) 1100 B.C. The first libraries of historic times were found in the temples of Ancient Egypt. (Thompson) 1100 B.C. Royal libraries were in existence in Phoenicia. The most famous royal library was Assurbanipal at Ninevah. (Thompson: Parsons) (______) The first of the great private libraries were supposed to have been as early as Pisistratus of Athens, and Polycrates, tyrant of Samas. (Parsons) 900-700 B.C. The kings of Assyria maintained a collection of thousands of clay tablets written in cuneiform. (Hostrop) 400 B.C. The private libraries of Euripides, Aristotle, and Plato were in existence. (Hessel) 300 B.C. Schools with libraries were in existence in Athens. (Hostrop) 300 B.C. The first known books were the clay tablets of Mesopotamia and the papyrus rolls of Egypt. (Hostrop) (_____) The first integration of print and non-print was found in the first picture book: Orbis Pictus (Comenius) 384-322 B.C. Aristotle was the first known systematic collector and classifier of books. He developed the concept of a classification hierarchy and was given the title of first librarian. (Hostrop; Grove) 80 B.C. Tyrannion, a grammarian, reclassified and recataloged Aristotle's library. (Strabo) 300 A.D. One library in Rome contained 62,000 volumes. (Hostrop) 400 Twenty-eight public libraries were in existence in Rome. (Hostrop) 400 The codex, constructed from folded leaves which were bound together on one side, took the place of papyrus rolls. (Hostrop) 600 The Rule of St. Benedict gave monasteries the responsibility for making books and creating libraries. (Hostrop) (_____)The first public library was established in Athens five hundred years before the Christian Era by the tyrant Pisistratus. (Parsons) (_____)The first public library was established in Rome during the close of the Pre-Christian Era by Asinius Apollo. (Parsons) (_____) The Library of Alexandria in Egypt was known as the first research library with its "...incomparable resources of the first real and greatest collection of intellectual materials or data ever assembled in antiquity..." (Parsons) mid 1400s Johann Gutenberg of Mainz, Germany, invented the printing press. (Hostrop) 1583 The first use of a decimal classification system was by Lacroix du Maine, who classified Henry III's library. (Dewey) 1600 Libraries began to resemble present day libraries with books on open shelves and tables for readers. (World Book Encyclopedia) 1683 The first academic library in the United States was the Harvard College Library. It was begun by a small collection of books donated by Reverend John Harvard, and it was the largest library in the country for 200 years. (Bowker, 1964; Fay; Hostrop) 1700s Six college libraries were founded: Yale University in 1700; Princeton University in 1746; University of Pennsylvania in 1755: Columbia University in 1757; Brown University in 1767; Dartmouth College in 1770. (Fay) 1731 Benjamin Franklin founded the first subscription library in the American colonies, "The Library Company of Phila delphia." (Bowker; Hostrop) 1976 New Jersey established the first state library. In the 1800s other state libraries were established: South Carolina in 1814; Pennsylvania in 1816; New Hampshire and New York in 1818. (Fay) 1800 The United States Library of Congress was established, the largest library in the U.S. (Hostrop) 1817 The large map collection of Christoph Daniel Ebling, a German scholar, was purchased after his death by Israel Thorndike and donated to the Harvard College Library. (Mullins) 1822 The first free public library was the Juvenile Library of Dublin, New Hampshire. (Kane) 1854 The first large public library to be established was the Boston Public Library. (Chamber's Encyclopedia) c. 1866 The United States Library of Congress map collection was established. (Grove) 1871 Jacob Schwartz created the Cutter number system which preserved the alphabetical order of authors in classification systems. (Grove) 1876 Melvil Dewey's classification system was first issued. (Grove) 1880s The first academic slide libraries were established at Bryn Mawr College, Cornell University, Dartmouth College, the University of Illinois, Princeton University, and the University of Michigan. Prior to 1884, these collections consisted of lanterns slides (31/4" x 4" slides with the image printed on glass). (Grove) 1882 The first music library was established: Brooklyn (New York) Public Library. (Bowker, 1964) 1884 Henry C. Badger was appointed as the first map curator at the Harvard College Library, which contained about 14,000 sheets. (Grove) 1887 The first library school was established at Columbia University, New York City, by Melvil Dewey. (Bowker; Encyclopedia Americana, 1980) 1891 The first circulating picture collection was established at the Denver (Colorado) Public Library, by John Cotton Dana. (Bowker; Smith) 1894 Paper or contact prints of motion pictures were deposited at the Library of Congress for copyright purposes. (Grove) 1894 A motion picture deposit was begun at the Library of Congress. (Information) c.1897 The Library of Congress Division of Music was organized. (Thompson) 1902 The first graduate library school was the New York State Library School. (Bowker, 1964) 1903 A phonorecord collection was established at the Library of Congress. (Grove) 1903 The Lowe Theatrical Library, the first theatrical library in the United States, opened at Harvard University. (Encyclopedia Americana, 1957) 1904 The photo-offset press was developed. (Hostrop) 1904 The first circulating print and framed paintings collection was established at the Newark (New Jersey) Public Library by John Cotton Dana. (Bowker, 1964) 1906 The New York State Library had 60,000 prints. (Grove) 1906 Lantern slides became widely used as teaching aids in universities. (Grove) 1906 Melvil Dewey recognized the importance of non-print materials to libraries when he wrote: "Libraries are rapidly accepting the doctrine for which we have contended for many years, that what we call books have no exclusive rights in a library. The 'library' has lost its etymologic meaning and means not a collection of books, but the central agency for disseminating information, innocent recreation, or, best of all, inspiration among the people. Whenever this can be done better, more quickly, or cheaply by a picture than a book, the picture is entitled to a place on the shelves and in the catalog." (Grove) 1910 Henry Evelyn Bliss constructed his subject classification system which eventually included non-print media. (Bliss) c.1910 The Bell & Howell Film Company had a film library of over a thousand silent and two hundred sound 16mm motion pictures. (Saettler) 1911 The Edison Film Library was established. (Saettler) 1913 A gift from a local citizen established the first phonorecord collection outside the Library of Congress, at the St. Paul (Minnesota) Public Library. (Bowker, 1971) 1914 Librarians began to review and evaluate the mass media. Public demand, plus the evaluation involvement stimu lated the collection of non-print formats in libraries. Public libraries in large cities developed large collections of photographs, pictures, postcards, clippings, and other formats in an effort to provide the public with non-print. (Grove) 1914 The first phonorecord collection was established at the St. Paul Public Library in Minnesota. (Bowker 1964) 1914 The Kansas City (Missouri) Public Library circulated music rolls for the player piano.. (Clement) 1914 The Public Librarian, a library journal, advocated the acceptance of phonorecords in libraries. (Edison) 1914-15 The American Library Annual reported that a public library in St. Joseph, Missouri, used the Edison Home and School Kinetoscope to illustrate stories narrated for children (Pringle) 1915 A statewide film exchange was proposed by James Gillis, a California state librarian. (Grove) 1915 The St. Paul (Minnesota) Public Library record collection had ninty-three recordings for limited use only. (Johnston) 1915 The August issue of Library Journal was devoted entirely to the music collections of the public libraries in the United States. (Bowker) 1915 Many public libraries maintained picture collections. (Parker) 19l6 The first photographic department in university library was established at Harvard University. (Bowker. 1957) 1917 The Chicago Bureau of Visual Instruction established the first instructional film library in a city school system. (Saettler) 1919 The Kern County Library, California, had a lantern slide and stereographic (three-dimensional slide) collection and established a phonorecord collection. (Clement) 1920 Audiovisual materials began to be handled as a normal part of library service. (Quinly) 1920 More than twenty-four state universities had film services.(Nolan) 1923 The first collection of circulating phonorecords was established in the Springfield (Massachusetts) Public Library. (Grove; Bowker, 1964) 1924 Audiovisual librarianship was introduced into the organizational framework of the American Library Association. The proposal that marked the beginning of ALA's formal audiovisual activity came from outside the Association. Ben Howe, a representative of the motion picture industry, suggested to the Council of the ALA that libraries should be the principal institutions for the distribution of educational films and should serve as information centers concerning entertainment and industrial films. Ben Howe's suggestion sparked ALA to create a Visual Methods Committee. (Clement) 1924 The American Library Association formally recognized the importance of films to library service and appointed a committee on Relations Between Libraries and Moving Pictures. (Cocks) 1926 The Graduate Library School was established at the University of Chicago to provide education beyond the first professional degree and offered a Ph.D. in library science. (Encyclopaedia Britannica) 1927 The Carnegie Corporation of New York authorized the distribution of "College Music Sets" for music study in college libraries. (Grove) 1928 The first PhD. in library education was granted at the University of Chicago Library School. (Encyclopedia AAmericana, 1962) 1928 The Carnegie Corporation assisted college libraries in the purchase of phonorecords, which were later identified by audiovisualists as "disks." (Shores) 1928 Fifty-three academic institutions had libraries with music collections, but only twelve of the collections held sound recordings. (Pierre) 1929 The first library to circulate educational films was the Kalamazoo (Michigan) Public Library. (Bowker, 1964) 1930s Public libraries began to develop extensive film services. (Pringle) 1930s Libraries began to put journals and newspapers on micro film. (Encyclopedia Americana) 1931 The Music Library Association was organized. (Bowker, 1958) 1933 Louis Shores determined that the library must have a range of subjects, levels, and formats in its collection to match the interests of individuals. (Shores) 1934 The Department of Geography at the University of Chicago planned to develop a map library of 400,000 sheets. (Development. . .) In 1968, the size of the collection was approximately 210,000 sheets. (Special Libraries Association) 1934 A resolution was sent to the American Library Association Committee on National Planning by the Visual Methods Committee, which recommended the establishment of regional demonstration centers for audiovisual aids. The proposal was not implemented. (Clement) 1934 The talking book was added to library service for the blind(Encyclopedia Americana, 1957) 1935 Louis Shores introduced the first audiovisual course at the library school of Peabody College in the South. The course was taught by Milton Lanning Shane from 1936 to 1940. (Shores) 1935 The United States National Archives set up a division of motion pictures and sound recordings. (Grove) 1935 The Museum of Modern Art Film Library was established in New York City by a Rockefeller Foundation Grant for the preservation, distribution, study, and development of films. (Grove) 1936 The American Library Association set a standard for 35mm film as best suited for research and library work. This decision was made at the Richmond Conference. (Doss) 1936 Visual aids were distributed through the city libraries of Kalamazoo, Michigan, and Pasadena and Long Beach, California. (Dunn) 1938 The first Cooperative Microfilm Project was established at Harvard University. (Bowker, 1964) 1939 A $5,500 grant from the Rockefeller Foundation funded a Joint Committee on Educational Films representing the American Library Association, the American Film Center, The Association of School Librarians, and the Motion Picture Project of the American Council on Education. The purpose was to "encourage library experimentation in the handling of educational films . . . to cooperate with such libraries and to facilitate the exchange of information between them, to devise uniform methods for recording experiences and to encourage their use, and to report from time to time on the experiments." (Williams) 1940s Maps began to be accepted as legitimate materials for libraries. (Wood) 1940s-1964 Major phonorecord collections established. Late 1940s Sibley Music Library, Eastman School of Music; 1958 Stanford University Archives of Recorded Sound; 1958 Archives of New Orleans Jazz at Tulane University; 1961 Historical Sound Recordings Program of Yale University; 1964-The Syracuse University Audio Archives. (Grove) 1940 Hundreds of universities and school systems had estab lished audiovisual libraries. (Grove) 1940 At the suggestion of Carl Milam, the former Visual Methods Committee was merged with the former Radio Broadcasting Committee to form the Audiovisual Committee of the American Library Association. (Clement) 1941 Gerald D. McDonald surveyed literature and visited libraries and submitted a report to the American Library Association concluding, "Thus far librarians have done virtually nothing in the handling of films and very little even in providing information which would further their use." (McDonald) c.1942 The first major public library film collection began inCleveland, Ohio. (Palmer) 1942 Film lending became a routine part of library service. (Quinly) 1943 The term "media" appeared in the Post War Standards for Public Libraries, published by the American Library Association, defined as: "... books, periodicals, news papers, pamphlets, maps, film, pictures, recordings, music scores, and similar material." (Post War . . . ) 1944 Fremont Rider, Librarian at Wesleyan University, pro posed that microcards be used in libraries, "both to reduce the space required for the catalogs of their growing collections and to produce more responsive catalogs." (Encyclopedia Americana, 1980) 1945 A Motion Picture Project was formed at the Library of Congress (Grove) 1947 The Carnegie Corporation awarded a grant to the American Library Association for building lending collections of films. (Encyclopedia Americana, 1957) 1947 The Carnegie Corporation awarded a grant to support a Film Advisory Service at the American Library Assoc iation. The purpose was to demonstrate that public libraries could serve as distribution centers for audiovisual materials, in addition to books. (Saettler) 1947 The American Library Association obtained a grant of $27,000 from the Carnegie Corporation for a "two year program to provide for film advisory service to help libraries establish film lending service." (Clement) 1947 Librarians and audiovisualists were two separate entities. Many schools had a separation of library and audiovisual facilities. At this time, the separation of the two was strongly backed by school administrators, teachers, li brarians, and audiovisualists. (Shores) 1947 The Worcester Free Public Library had one thousand circulating phonorecords. (Grove) 1947 The Florida State University Graduate School of Library Service and Training was established. The school was committed to the audiovisual education of librarians and teachers. The school also advocated the unification of audiovisual departments with the library instead of keeping them as separate entities. (Shores) 1947 "Listening posts" were introduced into the reading room at the Florida State University Materials Center. The listening post consisted of a jack and eight headsets. (Shores) 1947 Dr. Charles Hoban was the first full-time professor ap pointed to a library school faculty at the Florida State University Graduate School of Library Training and Service. He was a strong force in the audiovisual movement and co-wrote, with his father and Zisman, the first textbook in the audiovisual field. (Shores) 1948 Phonorecords became a routine part of library service. (Quinly) 1948 The Audiovisual Committee of the American Library Association was made a board which allowed for a subcommittee structure. The various committees were not wholly successful in their efforts to establish cooperation and communication with other national associations. (Clement) 1948 A mimeographed manual entitled Processing Audio Visual Materials was put into use at Indiana University for library science courses. (Processing. . .) 1948 The first manual on integrated cataloging was published by the Materials Center at Florida State University. (Shores) 1949 The American Association of School Librarians sponsored the publication Audiovisual School Library Service, by Margaret Rufsvold. The book gave detailed information to guide the traditional book-oriented librarian in establishing an instructional materials center. (Rufsvold) 1950 The "Statement of Guiding Principles" in the Evaluative Criteria 1950 Edition, suggests that " . . . schools should have available, organized in the library or as a separate department, audiovisual materials for use in the educational program." (Evaluative Criteria. . .) 1950s Major film collections in academic libraries were not established until this period. (Grove) 1950s The "Rapid Selector," developed under the guidance of Ralph R. Shaw, the librarian of the United States Depart ment of Agriculture, was the first machine specifically designed for searching the literature of a subject. It combined document images with binary coded identification, both stored photographically on roll film.Encyclopedia Americana. 1980) 1950s Louis Shores developed the concept of the generic book which is "... the sum total of man's communication possibilities . . . the evidence of life." The generic book recognizes that subject, level, and format may affect communication. "In the concept of the generic book there is no such thing as non-book material." The generic book has six format classes: print, graphics, projections, transmissions, community resources, and programmed media.(Shores) 1950s The 35mm color slide was established as a necessary andintegral part of a slide library. (Grove) 1950-60 Phonorecord archives were established in the Music Division of the Library of Congress, Indiana and Stanford University Libraries, and the New York Public Library. (Nolan) 1952 A survey was undertaken by the Association of College and Research Libraries to examine the extent to which audio visual services had developed in the United States universities and colleges and to examine the patterns of service. The findings of the research implied that the development of audiovisual collections was still at an early stage.(Bennett) 1953 Edgar Dale, a theorist, viewed libraries as experiencing a transitional phase, " . . . shifting from being a repository of ideas in print to a repository of ideas on film, on tape." His "cone of experience," and other ideas have contributed to the development of a learning resource concept. (Dale) 1954 C. Walter Stone, a strong proponent of the unification of print and non-print, insisted that libraries utilize a "cross media" approach for the benefit of students , teachers and administration. 1954 The Library of Congress printed catalog issued two new sections: one for music and phonorecords and another for filmstrips and motion pictures. (Schmeckebier) 1954-55 The San Jose (California) State College began the first program for curriculum materials specialists. (Saettler) 1955 Over 250 libraries were lending film, 192 through member ship in a cooperative film service, with the remainder owning individual film collections. (Bowker, 1957) 1955 Irving Lieberman conducted a study of audiovisual in struction in library education. He reported a need for a graduate program for audiovisual specialists. (Lieberman) 1955-57 The American Library Association Special Committee on the Bibliographic Control of Audiovisual Materials sur veyed libraries in an attempt to assess their non-book holdings and found the following holdings of non-book media. 115 libraries had motion picture collections (31 academic, 46 public, and 50 school) and 176 libraries had phonorecord collections (56 academic, 72 public, and 48 school). (Hamman) 1956 The Southern Illinois University unified their audiovisual department and library, as did Purdue, San Jose State, St. Cloud (Minnesota), and the University of Colorado. (Shores) 1960 Instructional Materials, by Louis Shore, was the first book devoted to the concept of unifying library science and audiovisual education. (Shores) mid 1960s The crusade for the unification of audiovisual departments and libraries was moving toward acceptance. (Shores) 1965 MEDLARS (Medical Literature Analysis Retrieval System) files were made available by the National Library of Medicine for use by other libraries. (Lancaster, p. 78) 1967 The New York Public Library was the largest public libraryin the United States. (Hostrop) 1968 Trevor N. Duprey conducted a study of college libraries and identified unnecessary competition between audiovisualists and librarians. (Duprey; Modern . . .) 1968 Trevor N. Duprey conducted a study of problem areas inadopting a learning resource center approach. (Duprey; Ferment . . .) 1968 Sidney Forman conducted a survey of 1,193 college libraries which indicated that 10 percent of the libraries were involved in implementing some aspect of the learning resource concept, and 37 percent were planning to introduce part of the concept in the future. (Forman) 1969 The crusade for the unification of audiovisual departments and libraries was successful. Standards for School Media Programs was jointly published by the American Library Association's American Association of School Librarians and the National Education Association's (NEA) Department of Audiovisual Instruction. (Shores) 1970 The number of libraries in the United States was broken down as follows (statistics from the U.S. Office of Education): 7,000 public libraries, 1,500 academic libraries, 1,200 two-year college libraries, 3,500 special libraries, 450 law libraries, 800 medical libraries, 475 military libraries, 125 institutional libraries, and 50,000 elementary and secondary school libraries. (Hostrop) 1970 The Bureau of Libraries and Educational Technology was established by the U.S. Office of Education. (Hostrop) 1970 The American Library Association published the Guidelines for Audiovisual Materials and Services for Public Libraries. Included were definitions, standards for service, materials, space, equipment, and personnel. It stressed the importance of non-print media in all formats. (Audiovisual Committee . . .) 1970 Robert Brundin surveyed the development of learning resource centers on junior college campuses. He concluded that the development of learning resource centers in junior colleges was an attempt to make the library the "heart of the campus." (Brundin) 1970 Richard Vorwerk studied the organizational status and environmental demands of academic libraries. He found that newer forms of media were being excluded in academic libraries because administrators weren't quite sure what to do with them. (Vorwerk, 1970) 1972 John W. Ellison conducted the first study of learning resource centers on university and college campuses. He identified principles that validated the concept of an integrated learning resource center which would include both print and non-print materials. (Ellison) 1973 Melville Dewey is said to be the "Father of American Libraries." F. Dean McCluskey is said to be the "Father of American Audiovisual Education." 1973 Andrew Carnegie is said to be the "Father of Library Philanthropists." (Hostrop) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Footnotes 1. Richard W. Hostrop, Education Inside the Library Media Center. Hamden, Conn.: Shoe String Press, 1973, p. 3. 2. Pearce S. Grove, Nonprint Media in Academic Libraries. Chicago: American Library Association, 1975, p. x. 3. John L. Nolan, "Audio-Visual Materials." Library Trends 10, (October 1961), p. 262. 4. Hostrop, p. 3. 5. Ibid., pp. 2-4. 6. Ibid.. PP. 4-5. References American Library Annual. New York: R.R. Bowker, 1957. Audiovisual Committee, Public Library Association. Guidelines for Audiovisual Materials and Services for Public Libraries. Chicago: American Library Association, 1970. Bliss, Henry Evelyn. "Economics in Libraries." Library Journal 28 (1910). The Bowker Annual of Library and Book Trade Information. New York: R.R. Bowker, 1957. The Bowker Annual of Library and Book Trade Information. New York: R.R. Bowker, 1958. The Bowker Annual of Library and Book Trade Information. New York: R.R. Bowker, 1960. The Bowker Annual of Library and Book Trade Information. New York: R.R. Bowker, 1964. The History of Media Librarianship: A Chronology 87 the Bowker Annual of Library and Book Trade Information. New York: R.R. Bowker, 1971. Brundin, Robert. "Changing Patterns of Library Service in Five California Junior Colleges." PhD. Dissertation, Stanford University, 1970. Chamber's Encyclopedia. vol. 8. London: Pergamon Press, Ltd., 1967. Clement, Evelyn G. "Audiovisual in Libraries; the Past." Paper presented at the 95th ALA Conference, ISAD Audiovisual Section Program, July 1976. ERIC document #ED 129 328. Cocks, Orrin. "Motion Pictures and. Reading Habits." Library Journal 43 (February 1918): 67-70. Comenius, John Amos. The Orbis Pictus. Syracuse, N.Y.: C.W. Bardeen, 1887. Dale, Edgar. Challenges to Librarianship. Tallahassee, Fl.: Florida State Uni versity, 1953. _. "Development of the Collection of Maps at the University of Chicago." Science 79 (February 23, 1934). Dewey, Melvil. Detvey Decimal Classification and Relative Index. 16th ed. Lake Placid Club, N.Y.: Forest, 1959. Doss, Milburn Price, ed. Information Processing Equipment. New York: Reinhold, 1955. Dunn, Fannie W., and Schneider, Etta. "Practices in City Administration of Visual Education." Educational Screen 15 (November 1936). Duprey, Trevor N. Ferment in College Libraries: The Impact of Information Technology. Washington, D.C.: Communication Service Corporation, 1968. Eason, Tracy. "A Selected Bibliography of AV Media in Library Literature, 1958 69." Wilson Library Bulletin 44 (November 1969): 312-319. Edison, Thomas. "Mechanical Arts and the Library." Public Library, 19 (1914) . Ellison, John W. ' The Identification and Examination of Principles Which Validate or Refute the Concept of College or University Learning Resource Centers." PhD. Dissertation, Ohio State University, 1972. Encyclopaedia Britannica 1, vol.#10. Chicago: Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc., 1978. Encyclopedia Americana, vol.#17. New York: Americana Corporation, 1957. Encyclopedia Americana, vol.#17. New York: Americana Corporation, 1962. Encyclopedla Americana, vol.#17. New York: Americana Corporation, 1980. Evaluative Criteria. Washington, D.C.: Cooperative Study of Secondary School Standards, 1950. Fay, Lucy E., and Eaton, Anne T. Instruction in the Use of Books and Libraries. Boston: The F.W. Faxon Co., 1924. Flemingl Bennett. "Audio-Visual Services in Colleges and Universities in the United States." College and Research Libraries 16 (1955): 11-19. Forman, Sidney. "Innovative Practices in the College Library." College and Research Libraries 29 (November 1968): 486. Grove, Pearce S. Nonprint Media in Academic Libraries. Chicago: American Librarv Association. 1975. 88 MEDIA LIBRARIANSHIP Hamman, Frances. "Bibliographic Control of Audiovisual Materials: Report of a Special Committee." Library Resources and Technical Services Bulletin 1 (Fall 1957): 180-89. Hessel, Alfred. A History of Libraries. Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press, 1950. Hostrop, Richard W. Education Inside the Library Media Center. Hamden, Conn.: Shoe String Press, 1973. . Information Bulletin. 23. Washington D.C.: The Library of Congress. Johnston, W. Dawson. "Symposium of Music in Libraries: St. Paul Public Library." Library-Journal 40 (August 1915): 574. Kane, Joseph Nathan. Famous First Facts, 4th ed. New York: H.W. Wilson, 1981. Kujoth, Jean Spealman. Readings in Nonbook Librarianship. Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press, Inc., 1968. Lancaster, F. Wilfred. Information Retrieval Systems, 2nd ed. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1979. Lieberman, Irving. Audiovisual Instruction in Library Education. New York: Columbia University School of Library Service, 1955. McDonald Gerald D. Educational Motion Pictures and Libraries. Chicago: American Library Association, 1942. Mullins, Lynn S. "The Rise of Map Libraries in America During the 19th Century." Bulletin 63 (March 1966). Nolan, John L. "Audio-Visual Materials." Library Trends 10 (October 1961): 261 -6 7 . Palmer, Joseph W. "Surveying the Future of Public Library Film Service." New York Library Association Bulletin, 30 (April 1982): 1-8. Parker, John Austin. "A Brief History of the Picture Collection." Wilson Library Bulletin 30 (November 1955): 257-58. Parsons, Edward Alexander. The Alexandrian Library. New York: Elsevier Press, 1959. Pierre Key's International Music Yearbook, 1928. New York: Pierre Key, Inc., 1928. Post War Standards for Public Libraries. Chicago: American Library Association, 1943. Pringle, Eugene A. "Films in Public Libraries." Drexel Library Quarterly 2 (October 1961): 261-67. Processing Audio Visual Materials. Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana University, 1948. Quinly, William J. "Audio-Visual Materials in the Library." Library Trends 5 (October 1956) 294-300. Richardson, Ernest Cushing. Classification: Theoretical and Practical. 3rd ed. New York: H.W. Wilson, 1930. Rufsvold, Margaret. Audio-Visual School Library Service. Chicago: American Association of School Librarians, 1949. Saettler, Paul. A History of Instructional Technology. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1968. Schmeckebier, Laurence F., and Eastin, Roy B. Government Publications and Their Use. Rev. ed. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution, 1961. The History of Media Librarianship: A Chronology 89 Shane, M. Lanning. "Audiovisual Aids & the Library." College and Research Libraries 1 (March 1940): 143-46. Shores, Louis. Audiovisual Librarianship. Littleton, Colo.: Libraries Unlimited, 1973. Smith, Josephine Metcalfe. A Chronology of Librarianship. Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press, 1968. Special Library Association, Geography and Map Division, Directory Revision Committee. Map Collections in the United States & Canada: A Directory. 2nd ed. New York: Special Library Association, 1970. Stone, C. Walter. "The Place of the New Media in the Undergraduate Program." Library Quarterly 24 (October 1954). Strabo. The Geography of Strabo. New York: Putnam, 1917. Thompson, James Westfall. Ancient Libraries. Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press, 1940. Thompson, Oscar, ed. The International Cyclopedia of Music and Musicians. Rev. ed. New York: Dodd, Mead, 1958. Vorwerk, Richard J. "The Environmental Demands and Organizational Status of Two Academic Libraries." PhD. Dissertation, Indiana University, 1970. Williams, Edwin E. "ALA Notes." Wilson Library Bulletin 14 (June 1940): 778-79. Woods, Bill M. "Of Map Librarianship - A Very Personal Report." Bulletin 76 (June 1969): 4-6. World Book Encyclopedia, vol. 12. Chicago: Worldbook-Childcraft International, Inc., 1982. ===== Prof.N.LAXMAN RAO, Dept.of Library & Information Science, Osmania University, HYDERABAD- 500 007 (INDIA) President, Indian Association of Teachers in Library and Information Science (IATLIS). Ph:+91-40-27171565 (res): +91-40- 27682290 (off) e:mail-- naglaxman(a)yahoo.com OR naglaxman(a)indiatimes.com ________________________________________________________________________ Want to chat instantly with your online friends? Get the FREE Yahoo! Messenger http://mail.messenger.yahoo.co.uk

2 1

an important website for librarians www.libraryhq.com
by Prof. N. Laxman Rao. 28 Sep '03

28 Sep '03

Hello friends, i am sure u may be aware that one of the important website useful to the llibrarians is www.libraryhq.com u find very useful information in this website. for exmple the following thesaurus had been given in the same website. open the website and try to use it and get benefit. laxman rao Library Automation/Technology Glossary (http://www.libraryhq.com/glossary.html) 16-bit Software for MS-DOS or Microsoft Windows originally ran on the 16-bit Intel 8088 and 80286 microprocessors. 32-bit 32-bit programs are written for the Intel 80386 and more recent processors, and allow greater speed of execution. A Access Point A name, term, code, etc., under which a book or other item may be searched and identified in the catalog, for example: author, title, subject, call number. API - Application Programming Interface An interface between the operating system and application programs, which includes the way applications communicate with the operating system, and the services the operating system makes available to programs. Architecture Design, or the way components fit together. It can be used to describe any system, as in "software architecture" or "network architecture". Authentication Verification of identity for security purposes. Passwords and digital signatures are forms of authentication. Authority Control A method to control the number of similar headings (usually subjects or authors) in the library catalog. Multiple entries are cross-referenced to a single entry using authority control. Automation Automatic, as opposed to human, operation or control of a process, equipment or a system; or the techniques and equipment used to achieve this. In libraries, automation refers to the process of automating functions such as circulation, cataloging, or acquisitions. Go to Top B Barcode A printed horizontal strip of vertical bars used for identifying specific items or users. The codes, which represent numerical data, are read by a bar code reader and interpreted via software or hardware decoders. In libraries, barcodes are affixed to both books and library cards to assist in circulation and collection control. Boolean Operators Words such as AND, OR, and NOT used to broaden or narrow a search. For example, cats AND dogs narrows the search to titles about both cats and dogs, while cats OR dogs broadens the search. Browse Searching A feature of a catalog which allows the user to search by the first word in a field, not a word appearing anywhere in the field. Compare to Keyword Searching. Browser See Web Browser Go to Top C CGI Script A computer program, most frequently written in C, Perl, or a shell script, that uses the Common Gateway Interface (CGI) standard to provide an interactive interface between a user or an application and a Web server. CGI script is most commonly used to develop forms that allow users to submit information to a Website. Character Set A standard collection of characters. A character set may include letters, digits, punctuation, control codes, graphics, mathematical symbols, and other signs. Each character in the set is represented by a unique character code, which is a binary number used for storage and transmission. Chat Room An online space where two or more people can input (usually via keyboard) messages to a group of people who are logged in at the same time. Compare to Message Forum Client A computer system or process that requests a service of another computer system or process (see Server). For example, a workstation requesting a file from a server is a client of the file server. Client/Server A common type of distributed system in which software is split between server tasks and client tasks. A client sends requests to a server asking for information or action, and the server responds. There may be either one centralized server or many distributed ones. Codabar A specific type of bar code used in libraries, blood banks, the overnight package delivery industry, and a variety of other information processing applications. It is also known as USD-4, NW-7, and 2 of 7 code. See Barcode. Command Line Interface A means of communication between a program and its user in which commands are input with a keyboard and are interpreted and executed by the program. Results are output as text or graphics on the computer screen. Compare to Graphical User Interface. Cookie Data created on your own computer when you access certain Web pages. Usually the cookie keeps information about your preferences and reuses this information when you access that site again, thus "recognizing" repeat visitors. Cookies cannot be used to access any other data on your computer, nor can they determine your e-mail address or identity. You can set your browser to reject all cookies or to warn you before accepting cookies, but sites that provide personalized services, such as stock trading sites or shopping carts, won't work if you don't accept cookies. Go to Top D Database A structured set of data, generally accessed via a software program. A simple database might be a single file containing many records, each of which contains the same set of fields, such as a series of companies with name, address, phone, and contact fields for each one. Database Management System (DBMS) Complex set of programs that control the organization, storage and retrieval of data for many users. Data is organized in fields, records and files. Examples include Oracle, Sybase, and Datacom. Dedicated Line A permanent connection between computers using telephone, ISDN, or other types of lines. Dialup A temporary, as opposed to dedicated, connection between machines established over a telephone line using modems. A patron might use a dialup connection from home (using a personal computer, modem, and telephone line) to dial into and use the library catalog. Digital Document Books, articles, papers, etc., that can be accessed via a computer. Digital Media Media in various digital forms, including scanned images, audio, video, multimedia, drawings and intelligent documents. Domain Name System (DNS) The unique name of a collection of computers connected to a network such as the Internet. A replicated, distributed data query service for looking up host IP addresses based on host names. The DNS is hierarchical, consisting of domains, subdomains, sites, and hosts. Unique names are formed from smallest to largest, and are of the form user(a)host.site.subdomain.domain, where host and site are often optional. On the Internet, domain names typically end with a suffix denoting the type of site: .com (commercial) .edu (educational) .net (network operations) .gov(US government) .mil (US military) .org (organization) .us (United States) .ca (Canada) .uk (United Kingdom) .au (Australia .cz (Czech Republic) .xx(where xx refers to another country's two-letter abbreviation) Download To copy a file from an external computer to a local one. You may download software updates from a vendor to your library system via the Internet. Dublin Core A minimal set of metadata elements used to describe networked information resources which aids users in locating specific items. Dumb Terminal An output device (not a computer) that contains no internal microprocessor; a display monitor with no processing capabilities. Go to Top E EAD Encoded Archival Description is the emerging standard for archival finding aids and is used by Library of Congress and other research institutions. Finding aids are inventories, registers, indexes, or guides that provide detailed information about specific collections. Standardizing the format of these tools makes it easier to display them on a network. EDIFACT (ISO 9735) Electronic data interchange (EDI) refers to any electronic commerce standard that defines a protocol for exchange of business data between software applications. EDIFACT (EDI for Administration, Commerce, and Transport) is the international standard for EDI. Encryption The process of scrambling a message so that a key, held only by authorized recipients, is needed to unscramble and read the message. Ethernet Computers on the Internet that use the TCP/IP protocols are frequently connected to the Net over an Ethernet link. Ethernet supports communications at 10 mbps over several types of wiring. An Ethernet card connects an individual computer to a network. Extranet An extended intranet connecting not only internal personnel, but also select customers, suppliers, and strategic partners. Compare to Internet and Intranet. Go to Top F FAQ -- Frequently Asked Questions Web page or text file with common questions about various topics along with the answers. Especially useful for first-time visitors to a site or new participants in a newsgroup or listserv. Filtering software A program to block access to certain Web pages. Depending on the program, it may block certain specified sites, all sites with certain words, or it may use more sophisticated criteria to determine which pages to block. See the LibraryHQ's Internet Filtering and Blocking page. Firewall A gateway used to protect a server or a network from unauthorized access. A firewall generally consists of both hardware and software components. FTP See Protocols Go to Top G Graphical User Interface (GUI) The use of pictures rather than just words to represent the input and output of a program. The program displays icons, buttons, dialog boxes etc. in its windows on the screen; the user controls it by moving a mouse or pointer on the screen, selecting objects by pressing buttons on the mouse. Compare to Command Line Interface. Go to Top H HTML Hypertext Markup Language is the set of codes (or tags) inserted in a file intended for display on a Web browser. The codes tell the Web browser how to display the words and images on the page. HTTP See Protocols Hypertext Text on a Web page that, when clicked on, jumps the reader to another page or image. Go to Top I Integrated Library System (ILS) An automated library system in which all of the functional modules (acquisitions, circulation, cataloging, serials, an OPAC, etc.) are accessible online and share a common machine-readable database. An automated library system is considered integrated only if all library functions are processed against a single, master bibliographic file. Imported/Exported Bibliography Records Because of the standards established for the creation and transferal of library bibliographic records, libraries can exchange records through import and export. Interface In hardware, an interface is a connector used to link devices. In software, it allows communication between two software systems or between people and systems. In the automation field, interface refers to the method by which users can access the automated library system. See Graphical User Interface. Internet A network of networks; a group of networks interconnected via routers. The Internet is the world's largest network. Internet Service Provider A company that provides other companies or individuals with access to, or a presence on, the Internet. Intranet A network of computers and servers accessed via Web browsers, but maintained within an organization or company, and not generally accessible to those outside the organization. ISBN (ISO 2108) International Standard Book Number: a unique numerical 10-digit identifier for a published title. It helps to ensure more efficient ordering, inventory control, and accounting. ISSN (ISO 3297) International Standard Serial Number: identifies serial publications including monographic series. In 1979 the ISSN replaced the ISBN for serials. Go to Top J Java A programming language designed so that its object modules can run on many different platforms. Java is often used to create applets, or Web-based programs that run when a user accesses the page or clicks on a certain area. JavaScript A scripting language used to create scripts, or small programs embedded in Web pages that run when a user accesses the page or clicks on a certain area. Go to Top K Keyword Searching A keyword search looks for specific words or terms that occur anywhere in a field (title, subject, heading, contents, etc.). Keyword searching is useful when you have incomplete information. Compare to Browse Searching. Go to Top L LAN Local Area Network A geographically limited data communications network that connects several computers. Library automation systems require a LAN to enable all users to access the same database. Legacy System An older computer system or program that is still valuable to the user, but may not be compatible with newer systems. Licensing An automation system requires the library to obtain a user license, as with any type of software. Licenses are usually purchased as either a site license, which allows the library to install the automation software on as many computers desired within a single building, or on a per-computer or per-network basis. Listserv A Listserv is a program that automatically redistributes e-mail to names on a mailing list. Users can subscribe, unsubscribe, and send messages to everyone on the list by sending notes to a specific email address. Go to Top M MARC - (Machine-Readable Cataloging) MARC refers to (1) a computer record structure, (2) a set of tags and indicators to identify parts of the record, (3) the level of cataloging information contained in the Library of Congresss MARC records, and (4) the body of records distributed by the Library of Congress MARC Distribution Service. Message Forum Also called a Message Board. An online space where people can leave messages that become visible to anyone who accesses the forum. Compare to Chat Room. Module/Application Module A module is a software segment that performs a specific function, such as acquisitions or circulation. Automation system vendors may sell modules separately, though circulation and cataloging modules are often sold together, with add-on modules as possible extra purchases. Go to Top N NetPC, NetworkPC A computer with minimal memory, disk storage and processor power designed to connect to and work via a network. Network A group of interconnected computers, including the hardware, software, and cabling used to connect them. Newsgroups see Usenet Newsgroups NISO A nonprofit association accredited as a standards developer by the American National Standards Institute, the national clearinghouse for voluntary standards development in the U.S. NISO has developed standards for Information Retrieval (Z39.50), 12083 (an SGML Tool), Z39.2 (Information Interchange Format), Codes for Languages and Countries, and Z39.18 (Scientific and Technical Reports). Go to Top O OPAC Online Public Access Catalog: provides access to the library's holdings via a computer monitor, replacing the traditional card catalog. May also be called a PAC (Public Access Catalog). Operating Systems (OS) The low-level software on a computer that schedules tasks, allocates storage, handles the interface to peripheral hardware, and presents a default interface to the user when no application program is running. Examples: UNIX, Windows98, Windows NT. Go to Top P Protocols Sets of rules or standards that let computers communicate over the Internet. HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) allows transfer of Web pages via a browser. FTP (File Transfer Protocol) allows transfer of files through the Internet from one computer to another. Push Technology Internet technology that allows information to be delivered or "pushed" directly to a user who subscribes to it. PointCast, Yahoo, and other services provide news to users who can customize their news reports by selecting topics like sports, world news, and business that are entered into a database. Go to Top Q Query A user's request for information from a database or search engine. A query is a search string entered by a patron when searching for a particular library item or subject in the library's catalog, or OPAC. Go to Top R RDBMS Relational Database Management System. See Relational Database. Record Conversion Record conversion is an aspect of retrospective conversion, in which book records on a tape or disk are converted to MARC format for use in an automation system. Conversion is usually processed by the automation system or by an outside vendor specializing in retrospective conversion. Relational Database A database in the form of tables having rows and columns to show the relationships between items. If data is changed in one table, it will be changed in all related tables. See Database. Remote Access Service allowing users away from the server or network to access these resources from remote locations. Retrospective Conversion Retrospective conversion is the process by which libraries convert a shelflist (such as a card catalog) to a searchable, computerized database. This database can then be used as the backbone of an automation system. Request For Information (RFI) A formal request that a library prepares and sends to vendors for information on their automation systems. Request For Proposal (RFP) A formal open bid document that a library prepares to obtain a customized response from a vendor. Responses may include pricing, enhancements, implementation plan, and timeline. An RFP is usually the precursor to a legal contract between vendor and library. Go to Top S Server A computer that provides some service for other computers connected to it via a network. The library's database containing all book records is located on a server so that several client machines (OPACs) can access the files. See Client/Server. Site Preparation The process of installing wiring, cabling, and other support hardware, in addition to planning the placement of computers, terminals, and networks within the library. System Upgrade A new or better version of hardware or software, or the act of developing or installing a new version. An automation system upgrade might be the change between a command-line based system and a GUI-based or Web-based automation system. Go to Top T TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol, the suite of communications protocols used to connect computers on the Internet. Thin Client A thin client is a machine that only functions when connected to a central server, as compared to a networked PC, which can store and process information on its hard drive. The function of a thin client is to centralize data transmission and storage in a LAN environment. Truncation In searching, truncation means that the system will allow wildcards to extend a search term. For example, a truncated term with a wildcard, such as app*, will retrieve all entries that begin with app, from apples to application. See Wildcard. Turnkey A complete hardware and software computer system customized for a particular application, such as library automation. Turnkey systems are fully operational, requiring no additional components or modifications. Go to Top U Unicode A 16-bit, language-independent character set that enables representation of all of the characters commonly used in information processing. UniMARC An international MARC format that accepts records created in any of the more than 20 MARC formats, thus facilitating conversion of records among them. UNIX Widely used multi-user general-purpose computer operating system. User interface The aspects of a computer system or program that can be perceived by the human user, and the commands and mechanisms used to control its operation and input data. See Graphical User Interface and Command Line Interface. Usenet Newsgroups Usenet is a collection of messages on various subjects that are posted to servers on a worldwide network. Each subject collection is called a newsgroup. Most newsgroups are hosted on Internet-connected servers, but they can also be hosted from servers that are not part of the Internet. URL Uniform Resource Locator: the address a computer uses to locate documents on the Internet. Go to Top V Video Display Unit A device incorporating a display monitor, a keyboard and a serial port. The most common VDUs, "dumb terminals, " are used primarily to send and receive information from a central computer. Virtual Library A virtual (as opposed to physical) collection existing only as digital files accessible via computer, not as books or tangible media in a library building. Go to Top W Web Browser Software program that allows you to access Web pages on the Internet, an Intranet, or an Extranet. The two most popular browsers are Microsoft's Internet Explorer and Netscape Navigator. Wide Area Network (WAN) A network, usually constructed with serial lines, extending over distances greater than one mile. A library system may use a WAN to connect branch libraries to the greater automation system. Wildcard A special character such as *, $, or ? that can replace any character or characters in a string. Wildcards are used in catalog searches to extend a search term. See Truncation. WindowsNT Microsoft's 32-bit operating system designed for high-end workstations, servers and corporate networks. Wizard An interactive help utility that guides the user through a potentially complex task. Go to Top X X12 An Electronic Data Interchange standard -- the American equivalent of UN/EDIFACT and various other national and industry EDI messaging protocols. Go to Top Z Z39.20 A NISO (National Information Standards Organization) standard for measuring the extent of price changes on a periodic basis for a variety of library materials including hardcover trade and technical books, paperback books, periodicals, and microforms. Z39.50 A NISO (National Information Standards Organization) standard for information retrieval that allows any library using a Z39.50-compliant automated library system to access remote library collections. Z39.50 specifies a query/response protocol between a client and a server. See LibraryHQ's Z39.50 page. Go to Top ===== Prof.N.LAXMAN RAO, Dept.of Library & Information Science, Osmania University, HYDERABAD- 500 007 (INDIA) President, Indian Association of Teachers in Library and Information Science (IATLIS). Ph:+91-40-27171565 (res): +91-40- 27682290 (off) e:mail-- naglaxman(a)yahoo.com OR naglaxman(a)indiatimes.com ________________________________________________________________________ Want to chat instantly with your online friends? Get the FREE Yahoo! Messenger http://mail.messenger.yahoo.co.uk

1 0