September 2003 - LIS-Forum - ncsi.iisc.ernet.in

Forwarded mail....
by Mailing List Manager 01 Oct '03

01 Oct '03

Date: Tue, 30 Sep 2003 12:56:21 +0530 From: Subbiah Arunachalam <arun(a)mssrf.res.in> Friends: A number of people are using the net to find information on topics in which theyy are not experts. In fact I know of people who use this kind of searches on behalf of others and even charge fees for such 'data mining' sevices. One should be wary of such searches, indicates the following report from Australia. Sinclair, Jenny. "Online Health Sites a Worldwide Worry" The Sydney Morning Herald (16 September 2003) (http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2003/09/15/1063478109311.html). - A study by a Melbourne researcher -- who is also a nurse and a communications consultant -- concluded that most health-oriented websites "failed to meet basic standards." Many are "commercially driven," the study found, and others are downright misleading. The study reviewed the top 100 sites returned by a Yahoo! search for breast cancer, diabetes and depression, and compared them to the Health On the Net Foundation's code of conduct. The biggest failing was the amount of unverified information found on 58 of the sites. Other issues: "user confidentiality, openness about sponsorship and, importantly, making sure that users treat the information as complementary to proper medical treatment, rather than replacing it." The study did find that there was plenty of good information out there, and that it is generally a good idea for people to have unfettered access to online health information. Arun [Subbiah Arunachalam]

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Request a document
by murari 30 Sep '03

30 Sep '03

Dear colleagues, I have searched at many places but could not find following document nor the publisher of the journal. Would appreciate if someone can help with a copy. We would pay for the charges if any. Genetics and molecular research, vol. 1, no 3, 2002, pp. 178-215 Female remating, sperm competition and sexual selection in Drosophila. Singh, SR;Singh, BN;Hoenigsberg, HF With warm regards, Murari P Tapaswi National Information Centre for Marine Sciences (NICMAS) National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula 403 004 Goa, India Phone: 91-(0)832-2450275 (Direct); 91-(0)832-2450450 (Institute) Fax: 91-(0)832-2450602

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Fwd: Libraries of the Ancient World
by Mailing List Manager 30 Sep '03

30 Sep '03

Date: Mon, 29 Sep 2003 14:14:39 +0100 (BST) From: "[iso-8859-1] Prof. N. Laxman Rao." <naglaxman(a)yahoo.com> Date: Mon, 29 Sep 2003 12:53:39 +0100 (BST) > From: madhav rao > Subject: Libraries of the Ancient World > To: naglaxman(a)yahoo.com > > Dear Sir, > > A collection of books used for reading or study, or > the building or room in which such a collection is > kept. The word derives from the Latin Liber, "a book," > whereas a Latinized Greek word, bibliotheca, is the > origin of the word for library in German, Russian, and > the Romance languages. -----Encyclopedia Britannica > > Table of Contents > Introduction > General History > Library of Nineveh > Library of Nippur > Library of Alexandria > Library of Pergamum > Libraries of Ephesus > Libraries of Rome > Qumran > Conclusion > Bibliography > > See the URL: > http://www.tulsasda.com/staff/russ/russ/history/libraries/Libraries.htm > > Regards > A. Madhava Rao > Nexus Information Services Corporation > Secunderabad

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More info for Dr Murari
by prafulla＠nisc.co.in 30 Sep '03

30 Sep '03

Dear Dr Murari: This jl is freely available on the Net: http://www.funpecrp.com.br/gmr/ Thanks T.V. Prafulla Chandra --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- NISC Export Services Pvt. Ltd. (an affiliate of NISC International, Inc. USA) S-1 Ballad Estates, St.Ann's School Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500 017 Andhra Pradesh, India - Tel:+91 40 27001517 Tel/Fax:+91 40 27002538 WWW.NISC.COM A company in service to NISC worldwide. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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Reply to Dr Murari
by prafulla＠nisc.co.in 30 Sep '03

30 Sep '03

Dear Dr Murari: The author address and email may perhaps help you: Female remating, sperm competition and sexual selection in Drosophila. Author: Singh, Shree Ram; Singh, Bashisth N.; Hoenigsberg, Hugo F. Author Affiliation: Singh, Bashisth N.: Genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005, India; e-mail: bnsingh(a)banaras.ernet.in, hoenisbe(a)www.umb.edu.co T.V. Prafulla Chandra --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- NISC Export Services Pvt. Ltd. (an affiliate of NISC International, Inc. USA) S-1 Ballad Estates, St.Ann's School Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500 017 Andhra Pradesh, India - Tel:+91 40 27001517 Tel/Fax:+91 40 27002538 WWW.NISC.COM A company in service to NISC worldwide. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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Professional development opportunity (fwd)
by Shyam Prasad pujar 30 Sep '03

30 Sep '03

CALL FOR APPLICATIONS--Please Distribute to Colleagues The Museums, Arts and Humanities Division (MAHD) of SLA will reimburse travel expenses of up to $1,000.00 for a professional librarian from a developing country to attend the SLA Annual Conference in Nashville, Tennessee, June 5-10, 2004. Also covered by MAHD are costs of conference registration ($435) and tickets to all MAHD-sponsored events. Deadline for applications is January 23,2004. Criteria with application information is available online at http://www.sla.org/division/dmah/Travel%20Grant.htm. Martha McPhail Chair, Museums, Arts and Humanities Division, 2003/2004 Special Libraries Association mmcphail(a)mail.sdsu.edu San Diego State University 619-594-6736

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RE: [LIS-Forum] Request a document
by lalitha 30 Sep '03

30 Sep '03

Dear Mr. Tapaswi, Publisher is : FUNPEC - Fundação de Pesquisas Científicas de Ribeirão Preto, Brazil http://www.funpecrp.com.br/ and full text can be accessed at http://www.funpecrp.com.br/gmr/year2002/vol3-1/pdf/gmr0034.pdf lalitha IIL- J-Gate Team -----Original Message----- From: murari [mailto:murari@darya.nio.org] Sent: Tuesday, September 30, 2003 9:28 AM To: 'Lis-Forum@Ncsi. Iisc. Ernet. In' Subject: [LIS-Forum] Request a document Dear colleagues, I have searched at many places but could not find following document nor the publisher of the journal. Would appreciate if someone can help with a copy. We would pay for the charges if any. Genetics and molecular research, vol. 1, no 3, 2002, pp. 178-215 Female remating, sperm competition and sexual selection in Drosophila. Singh, SR;Singh, BN;Hoenigsberg, HF With warm regards, Murari P Tapaswi National Information Centre for Marine Sciences (NICMAS) National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula 403 004 Goa, India Phone: 91-(0)832-2450275 (Direct); 91-(0)832-2450450 (Institute) Fax: 91-(0)832-2450602 _______________________________________________ LIS-Forum mailing list LIS-Forum(a)ncsi.iisc.ernet.in http://ncsi.iisc.ernet.in/mailman/listinfo/lis-forum

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Fw: [LIS-Forum] Request a document
by murari 30 Sep '03

30 Sep '03

Dear Colleagues, Thanks to Mr AnilKumar of GEITC sent me a copy of the same and Mr Raju of Siemens Public Communication Network indicated that it is available online. Thanks once again to the colleagues for prompt action. With warm regards, -Tapaswi ----- Original Message ----- From: murari <murari(a)darya.nio.org> To: 'Lis-Forum@Ncsi. Iisc. Ernet. In' <lis-forum(a)ncsi.iisc.ernet.in> Sent: Tuesday, September 30, 2003 9:28 AM Subject: [LIS-Forum] Request a document > Dear colleagues, > > I have searched at many places but could not find following document nor the > publisher of the journal. Would appreciate if someone can help with a copy. > We would pay for the charges if any. > > Genetics and molecular research, vol. 1, no 3, 2002, pp. 178-215 > Female remating, sperm competition and sexual selection in Drosophila. > Singh, SR;Singh, BN;Hoenigsberg, HF > > With warm regards, > > Murari P Tapaswi > National Information Centre for Marine Sciences (NICMAS) > National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula 403 004 Goa, India > Phone: 91-(0)832-2450275 (Direct); 91-(0)832-2450450 (Institute) > Fax: 91-(0)832-2450602 > > > _______________________________________________ > LIS-Forum mailing list > LIS-Forum(a)ncsi.iisc.ernet.in > http://ncsi.iisc.ernet.in/mailman/listinfo/lis-forum

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Thomson Scientific Nobel Predictions
by Subbiah Arunachalam 30 Sep '03

30 Sep '03

Dear friends: Here is a list of outstanding performers who MIGHT figure in this year's Nobel Prize awards. I got it from ISI. You are free to circulate it among your friends and colleagues. Arun

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Fwd: The History of Media Librarianship: A Chronology
by Prof. N. Laxman Rao. 29 Sep '03

29 Sep '03

> From: madhav rao <madhavdkj_vsnp(a)yahoo.co.in> > Subject: The History of Media Librarianship: A Chronology > Before media centers could be established, non-print > technological instructional aids had to be developed. > > Before libraries could be established, "books" had to > be written. > > But before books could be written man had to learn how > to write. > > Thus the beginnings of today's library media centers > must be traced back to the earliest beginnings of > writing more than 5,000 years ago.' > > -------Amy R. Loucks-DiMatteo > > The following is a chronology of the history of media > librarianship. Although the term "media" includes both > print and non-print materials, this history primarily > explores the development of non-print materials. > > See the URL for more!! > > http://www.sis.buffalo.edu/faculty/ellison/Syllabi/519Complete/readings/his… > > Regards > A. Madhava Rao > Nexus Information Services Corporation > Secunderabad >---------------------------------------- The History of Media Librarianship: A Chronology Amy R. Loucks-DiMatteo Before media centers could be established, non-print technological instructional aids had to be developed. Before libraries could be established, "books" had to be written. But before books could be written man had to learn how to write. Thus the beginnings of today's library media centers must be traced back to the earliest beginnings of writing more than 5,000 years ago.' THE following is a chronology of the history of media librarianship. Although the term "media" includes both print and non-print materials, this history primarily explores the development of non-print materials. The information is arranged chronologically. The symbol (c.) preceding a date indicates that the date has been approximated. The symbol(_____) indicates that a date has not been determined, but an effort has been made to fit the information in the proper place in the chronology. The dates and information listed have been taken directly from the sources cited; therefore, it is likely that the reader will find some conflicting dates and information. Non-print media probably originated in the Orient, where shadow shows entertained the people for over two thousand years.2 A reliance upon visuals has been demonstrated since early history through cave wall drawings, Egyptian pictographs, Babylonian maps, clay tablets, medieval art works, Renaissance woodcuts, and early illustrated books.3 Mesopotamia, the country between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, introduced writing to the world. The Sumerian people who inhabited Mesopotamia used the cylinder seal to mark and identify their property.4 Other cultures developed early forms of writing which were of two basic types: cuneiform and hieroglyphics. Cuneiform writing resembled wedge shaped characters and was used by the Sumerians, Akhadians, Babylonians, Assyrians, and the Persians. Egyptian hieroglyphics used figures or objects to represent sounds or words.5 Over a thousand years passed from the development of syllabic writing until alphabetic writing was developed. Although a contribution of the Near East alphabetic writing was adapted as an instrument of communication by the Greeks. The twenty-six character alphabet used today in Western cultures was developed by the Romans.6 1700 B.C. The Babylonians were the first to establish libraries. (Cushing) 1100 B.C. The first libraries of historic times were found in the temples of Ancient Egypt. (Thompson) 1100 B.C. Royal libraries were in existence in Phoenicia. The most famous royal library was Assurbanipal at Ninevah. (Thompson: Parsons) (______) The first of the great private libraries were supposed to have been as early as Pisistratus of Athens, and Polycrates, tyrant of Samas. (Parsons) 900-700 B.C. The kings of Assyria maintained a collection of thousands of clay tablets written in cuneiform. (Hostrop) 400 B.C. The private libraries of Euripides, Aristotle, and Plato were in existence. (Hessel) 300 B.C. Schools with libraries were in existence in Athens. (Hostrop) 300 B.C. The first known books were the clay tablets of Mesopotamia and the papyrus rolls of Egypt. (Hostrop) (_____) The first integration of print and non-print was found in the first picture book: Orbis Pictus (Comenius) 384-322 B.C. Aristotle was the first known systematic collector and classifier of books. He developed the concept of a classification hierarchy and was given the title of first librarian. (Hostrop; Grove) 80 B.C. Tyrannion, a grammarian, reclassified and recataloged Aristotle's library. (Strabo) 300 A.D. One library in Rome contained 62,000 volumes. (Hostrop) 400 Twenty-eight public libraries were in existence in Rome. (Hostrop) 400 The codex, constructed from folded leaves which were bound together on one side, took the place of papyrus rolls. (Hostrop) 600 The Rule of St. Benedict gave monasteries the responsibility for making books and creating libraries. (Hostrop) (_____)The first public library was established in Athens five hundred years before the Christian Era by the tyrant Pisistratus. (Parsons) (_____)The first public library was established in Rome during the close of the Pre-Christian Era by Asinius Apollo. (Parsons) (_____) The Library of Alexandria in Egypt was known as the first research library with its "...incomparable resources of the first real and greatest collection of intellectual materials or data ever assembled in antiquity..." (Parsons) mid 1400s Johann Gutenberg of Mainz, Germany, invented the printing press. (Hostrop) 1583 The first use of a decimal classification system was by Lacroix du Maine, who classified Henry III's library. (Dewey) 1600 Libraries began to resemble present day libraries with books on open shelves and tables for readers. (World Book Encyclopedia) 1683 The first academic library in the United States was the Harvard College Library. It was begun by a small collection of books donated by Reverend John Harvard, and it was the largest library in the country for 200 years. (Bowker, 1964; Fay; Hostrop) 1700s Six college libraries were founded: Yale University in 1700; Princeton University in 1746; University of Pennsylvania in 1755: Columbia University in 1757; Brown University in 1767; Dartmouth College in 1770. (Fay) 1731 Benjamin Franklin founded the first subscription library in the American colonies, "The Library Company of Phila delphia." (Bowker; Hostrop) 1976 New Jersey established the first state library. In the 1800s other state libraries were established: South Carolina in 1814; Pennsylvania in 1816; New Hampshire and New York in 1818. (Fay) 1800 The United States Library of Congress was established, the largest library in the U.S. (Hostrop) 1817 The large map collection of Christoph Daniel Ebling, a German scholar, was purchased after his death by Israel Thorndike and donated to the Harvard College Library. (Mullins) 1822 The first free public library was the Juvenile Library of Dublin, New Hampshire. (Kane) 1854 The first large public library to be established was the Boston Public Library. (Chamber's Encyclopedia) c. 1866 The United States Library of Congress map collection was established. (Grove) 1871 Jacob Schwartz created the Cutter number system which preserved the alphabetical order of authors in classification systems. (Grove) 1876 Melvil Dewey's classification system was first issued. (Grove) 1880s The first academic slide libraries were established at Bryn Mawr College, Cornell University, Dartmouth College, the University of Illinois, Princeton University, and the University of Michigan. Prior to 1884, these collections consisted of lanterns slides (31/4" x 4" slides with the image printed on glass). (Grove) 1882 The first music library was established: Brooklyn (New York) Public Library. (Bowker, 1964) 1884 Henry C. Badger was appointed as the first map curator at the Harvard College Library, which contained about 14,000 sheets. (Grove) 1887 The first library school was established at Columbia University, New York City, by Melvil Dewey. (Bowker; Encyclopedia Americana, 1980) 1891 The first circulating picture collection was established at the Denver (Colorado) Public Library, by John Cotton Dana. (Bowker; Smith) 1894 Paper or contact prints of motion pictures were deposited at the Library of Congress for copyright purposes. (Grove) 1894 A motion picture deposit was begun at the Library of Congress. (Information) c.1897 The Library of Congress Division of Music was organized. (Thompson) 1902 The first graduate library school was the New York State Library School. (Bowker, 1964) 1903 A phonorecord collection was established at the Library of Congress. (Grove) 1903 The Lowe Theatrical Library, the first theatrical library in the United States, opened at Harvard University. (Encyclopedia Americana, 1957) 1904 The photo-offset press was developed. (Hostrop) 1904 The first circulating print and framed paintings collection was established at the Newark (New Jersey) Public Library by John Cotton Dana. (Bowker, 1964) 1906 The New York State Library had 60,000 prints. (Grove) 1906 Lantern slides became widely used as teaching aids in universities. (Grove) 1906 Melvil Dewey recognized the importance of non-print materials to libraries when he wrote: "Libraries are rapidly accepting the doctrine for which we have contended for many years, that what we call books have no exclusive rights in a library. The 'library' has lost its etymologic meaning and means not a collection of books, but the central agency for disseminating information, innocent recreation, or, best of all, inspiration among the people. Whenever this can be done better, more quickly, or cheaply by a picture than a book, the picture is entitled to a place on the shelves and in the catalog." (Grove) 1910 Henry Evelyn Bliss constructed his subject classification system which eventually included non-print media. (Bliss) c.1910 The Bell & Howell Film Company had a film library of over a thousand silent and two hundred sound 16mm motion pictures. (Saettler) 1911 The Edison Film Library was established. (Saettler) 1913 A gift from a local citizen established the first phonorecord collection outside the Library of Congress, at the St. Paul (Minnesota) Public Library. (Bowker, 1971) 1914 Librarians began to review and evaluate the mass media. Public demand, plus the evaluation involvement stimu lated the collection of non-print formats in libraries. Public libraries in large cities developed large collections of photographs, pictures, postcards, clippings, and other formats in an effort to provide the public with non-print. (Grove) 1914 The first phonorecord collection was established at the St. Paul Public Library in Minnesota. (Bowker 1964) 1914 The Kansas City (Missouri) Public Library circulated music rolls for the player piano.. (Clement) 1914 The Public Librarian, a library journal, advocated the acceptance of phonorecords in libraries. (Edison) 1914-15 The American Library Annual reported that a public library in St. Joseph, Missouri, used the Edison Home and School Kinetoscope to illustrate stories narrated for children (Pringle) 1915 A statewide film exchange was proposed by James Gillis, a California state librarian. (Grove) 1915 The St. Paul (Minnesota) Public Library record collection had ninty-three recordings for limited use only. (Johnston) 1915 The August issue of Library Journal was devoted entirely to the music collections of the public libraries in the United States. (Bowker) 1915 Many public libraries maintained picture collections. (Parker) 19l6 The first photographic department in university library was established at Harvard University. (Bowker. 1957) 1917 The Chicago Bureau of Visual Instruction established the first instructional film library in a city school system. (Saettler) 1919 The Kern County Library, California, had a lantern slide and stereographic (three-dimensional slide) collection and established a phonorecord collection. (Clement) 1920 Audiovisual materials began to be handled as a normal part of library service. (Quinly) 1920 More than twenty-four state universities had film services.(Nolan) 1923 The first collection of circulating phonorecords was established in the Springfield (Massachusetts) Public Library. (Grove; Bowker, 1964) 1924 Audiovisual librarianship was introduced into the organizational framework of the American Library Association. The proposal that marked the beginning of ALA's formal audiovisual activity came from outside the Association. Ben Howe, a representative of the motion picture industry, suggested to the Council of the ALA that libraries should be the principal institutions for the distribution of educational films and should serve as information centers concerning entertainment and industrial films. Ben Howe's suggestion sparked ALA to create a Visual Methods Committee. (Clement) 1924 The American Library Association formally recognized the importance of films to library service and appointed a committee on Relations Between Libraries and Moving Pictures. (Cocks) 1926 The Graduate Library School was established at the University of Chicago to provide education beyond the first professional degree and offered a Ph.D. in library science. (Encyclopaedia Britannica) 1927 The Carnegie Corporation of New York authorized the distribution of "College Music Sets" for music study in college libraries. (Grove) 1928 The first PhD. in library education was granted at the University of Chicago Library School. (Encyclopedia AAmericana, 1962) 1928 The Carnegie Corporation assisted college libraries in the purchase of phonorecords, which were later identified by audiovisualists as "disks." (Shores) 1928 Fifty-three academic institutions had libraries with music collections, but only twelve of the collections held sound recordings. (Pierre) 1929 The first library to circulate educational films was the Kalamazoo (Michigan) Public Library. (Bowker, 1964) 1930s Public libraries began to develop extensive film services. (Pringle) 1930s Libraries began to put journals and newspapers on micro film. (Encyclopedia Americana) 1931 The Music Library Association was organized. (Bowker, 1958) 1933 Louis Shores determined that the library must have a range of subjects, levels, and formats in its collection to match the interests of individuals. (Shores) 1934 The Department of Geography at the University of Chicago planned to develop a map library of 400,000 sheets. (Development. . .) In 1968, the size of the collection was approximately 210,000 sheets. (Special Libraries Association) 1934 A resolution was sent to the American Library Association Committee on National Planning by the Visual Methods Committee, which recommended the establishment of regional demonstration centers for audiovisual aids. The proposal was not implemented. (Clement) 1934 The talking book was added to library service for the blind(Encyclopedia Americana, 1957) 1935 Louis Shores introduced the first audiovisual course at the library school of Peabody College in the South. The course was taught by Milton Lanning Shane from 1936 to 1940. (Shores) 1935 The United States National Archives set up a division of motion pictures and sound recordings. (Grove) 1935 The Museum of Modern Art Film Library was established in New York City by a Rockefeller Foundation Grant for the preservation, distribution, study, and development of films. (Grove) 1936 The American Library Association set a standard for 35mm film as best suited for research and library work. This decision was made at the Richmond Conference. (Doss) 1936 Visual aids were distributed through the city libraries of Kalamazoo, Michigan, and Pasadena and Long Beach, California. (Dunn) 1938 The first Cooperative Microfilm Project was established at Harvard University. (Bowker, 1964) 1939 A $5,500 grant from the Rockefeller Foundation funded a Joint Committee on Educational Films representing the American Library Association, the American Film Center, The Association of School Librarians, and the Motion Picture Project of the American Council on Education. The purpose was to "encourage library experimentation in the handling of educational films . . . to cooperate with such libraries and to facilitate the exchange of information between them, to devise uniform methods for recording experiences and to encourage their use, and to report from time to time on the experiments." (Williams) 1940s Maps began to be accepted as legitimate materials for libraries. (Wood) 1940s-1964 Major phonorecord collections established. Late 1940s Sibley Music Library, Eastman School of Music; 1958 Stanford University Archives of Recorded Sound; 1958 Archives of New Orleans Jazz at Tulane University; 1961 Historical Sound Recordings Program of Yale University; 1964-The Syracuse University Audio Archives. (Grove) 1940 Hundreds of universities and school systems had estab lished audiovisual libraries. (Grove) 1940 At the suggestion of Carl Milam, the former Visual Methods Committee was merged with the former Radio Broadcasting Committee to form the Audiovisual Committee of the American Library Association. (Clement) 1941 Gerald D. McDonald surveyed literature and visited libraries and submitted a report to the American Library Association concluding, "Thus far librarians have done virtually nothing in the handling of films and very little even in providing information which would further their use." (McDonald) c.1942 The first major public library film collection began inCleveland, Ohio. (Palmer) 1942 Film lending became a routine part of library service. (Quinly) 1943 The term "media" appeared in the Post War Standards for Public Libraries, published by the American Library Association, defined as: "... books, periodicals, news papers, pamphlets, maps, film, pictures, recordings, music scores, and similar material." (Post War . . . ) 1944 Fremont Rider, Librarian at Wesleyan University, pro posed that microcards be used in libraries, "both to reduce the space required for the catalogs of their growing collections and to produce more responsive catalogs." (Encyclopedia Americana, 1980) 1945 A Motion Picture Project was formed at the Library of Congress (Grove) 1947 The Carnegie Corporation awarded a grant to the American Library Association for building lending collections of films. (Encyclopedia Americana, 1957) 1947 The Carnegie Corporation awarded a grant to support a Film Advisory Service at the American Library Assoc iation. The purpose was to demonstrate that public libraries could serve as distribution centers for audiovisual materials, in addition to books. (Saettler) 1947 The American Library Association obtained a grant of $27,000 from the Carnegie Corporation for a "two year program to provide for film advisory service to help libraries establish film lending service." (Clement) 1947 Librarians and audiovisualists were two separate entities. Many schools had a separation of library and audiovisual facilities. At this time, the separation of the two was strongly backed by school administrators, teachers, li brarians, and audiovisualists. (Shores) 1947 The Worcester Free Public Library had one thousand circulating phonorecords. (Grove) 1947 The Florida State University Graduate School of Library Service and Training was established. The school was committed to the audiovisual education of librarians and teachers. The school also advocated the unification of audiovisual departments with the library instead of keeping them as separate entities. (Shores) 1947 "Listening posts" were introduced into the reading room at the Florida State University Materials Center. The listening post consisted of a jack and eight headsets. (Shores) 1947 Dr. Charles Hoban was the first full-time professor ap pointed to a library school faculty at the Florida State University Graduate School of Library Training and Service. He was a strong force in the audiovisual movement and co-wrote, with his father and Zisman, the first textbook in the audiovisual field. (Shores) 1948 Phonorecords became a routine part of library service. (Quinly) 1948 The Audiovisual Committee of the American Library Association was made a board which allowed for a subcommittee structure. The various committees were not wholly successful in their efforts to establish cooperation and communication with other national associations. (Clement) 1948 A mimeographed manual entitled Processing Audio Visual Materials was put into use at Indiana University for library science courses. (Processing. . .) 1948 The first manual on integrated cataloging was published by the Materials Center at Florida State University. (Shores) 1949 The American Association of School Librarians sponsored the publication Audiovisual School Library Service, by Margaret Rufsvold. The book gave detailed information to guide the traditional book-oriented librarian in establishing an instructional materials center. (Rufsvold) 1950 The "Statement of Guiding Principles" in the Evaluative Criteria 1950 Edition, suggests that " . . . schools should have available, organized in the library or as a separate department, audiovisual materials for use in the educational program." (Evaluative Criteria. . .) 1950s Major film collections in academic libraries were not established until this period. (Grove) 1950s The "Rapid Selector," developed under the guidance of Ralph R. Shaw, the librarian of the United States Depart ment of Agriculture, was the first machine specifically designed for searching the literature of a subject. It combined document images with binary coded identification, both stored photographically on roll film.Encyclopedia Americana. 1980) 1950s Louis Shores developed the concept of the generic book which is "... the sum total of man's communication possibilities . . . the evidence of life." The generic book recognizes that subject, level, and format may affect communication. "In the concept of the generic book there is no such thing as non-book material." The generic book has six format classes: print, graphics, projections, transmissions, community resources, and programmed media.(Shores) 1950s The 35mm color slide was established as a necessary andintegral part of a slide library. (Grove) 1950-60 Phonorecord archives were established in the Music Division of the Library of Congress, Indiana and Stanford University Libraries, and the New York Public Library. (Nolan) 1952 A survey was undertaken by the Association of College and Research Libraries to examine the extent to which audio visual services had developed in the United States universities and colleges and to examine the patterns of service. The findings of the research implied that the development of audiovisual collections was still at an early stage.(Bennett) 1953 Edgar Dale, a theorist, viewed libraries as experiencing a transitional phase, " . . . shifting from being a repository of ideas in print to a repository of ideas on film, on tape." His "cone of experience," and other ideas have contributed to the development of a learning resource concept. (Dale) 1954 C. Walter Stone, a strong proponent of the unification of print and non-print, insisted that libraries utilize a "cross media" approach for the benefit of students , teachers and administration. 1954 The Library of Congress printed catalog issued two new sections: one for music and phonorecords and another for filmstrips and motion pictures. (Schmeckebier) 1954-55 The San Jose (California) State College began the first program for curriculum materials specialists. (Saettler) 1955 Over 250 libraries were lending film, 192 through member ship in a cooperative film service, with the remainder owning individual film collections. (Bowker, 1957) 1955 Irving Lieberman conducted a study of audiovisual in struction in library education. He reported a need for a graduate program for audiovisual specialists. (Lieberman) 1955-57 The American Library Association Special Committee on the Bibliographic Control of Audiovisual Materials sur veyed libraries in an attempt to assess their non-book holdings and found the following holdings of non-book media. 115 libraries had motion picture collections (31 academic, 46 public, and 50 school) and 176 libraries had phonorecord collections (56 academic, 72 public, and 48 school). (Hamman) 1956 The Southern Illinois University unified their audiovisual department and library, as did Purdue, San Jose State, St. Cloud (Minnesota), and the University of Colorado. (Shores) 1960 Instructional Materials, by Louis Shore, was the first book devoted to the concept of unifying library science and audiovisual education. (Shores) mid 1960s The crusade for the unification of audiovisual departments and libraries was moving toward acceptance. (Shores) 1965 MEDLARS (Medical Literature Analysis Retrieval System) files were made available by the National Library of Medicine for use by other libraries. (Lancaster, p. 78) 1967 The New York Public Library was the largest public libraryin the United States. (Hostrop) 1968 Trevor N. Duprey conducted a study of college libraries and identified unnecessary competition between audiovisualists and librarians. (Duprey; Modern . . .) 1968 Trevor N. Duprey conducted a study of problem areas inadopting a learning resource center approach. (Duprey; Ferment . . .) 1968 Sidney Forman conducted a survey of 1,193 college libraries which indicated that 10 percent of the libraries were involved in implementing some aspect of the learning resource concept, and 37 percent were planning to introduce part of the concept in the future. (Forman) 1969 The crusade for the unification of audiovisual departments and libraries was successful. Standards for School Media Programs was jointly published by the American Library Association's American Association of School Librarians and the National Education Association's (NEA) Department of Audiovisual Instruction. (Shores) 1970 The number of libraries in the United States was broken down as follows (statistics from the U.S. Office of Education): 7,000 public libraries, 1,500 academic libraries, 1,200 two-year college libraries, 3,500 special libraries, 450 law libraries, 800 medical libraries, 475 military libraries, 125 institutional libraries, and 50,000 elementary and secondary school libraries. (Hostrop) 1970 The Bureau of Libraries and Educational Technology was established by the U.S. Office of Education. (Hostrop) 1970 The American Library Association published the Guidelines for Audiovisual Materials and Services for Public Libraries. Included were definitions, standards for service, materials, space, equipment, and personnel. It stressed the importance of non-print media in all formats. (Audiovisual Committee . . .) 1970 Robert Brundin surveyed the development of learning resource centers on junior college campuses. He concluded that the development of learning resource centers in junior colleges was an attempt to make the library the "heart of the campus." (Brundin) 1970 Richard Vorwerk studied the organizational status and environmental demands of academic libraries. He found that newer forms of media were being excluded in academic libraries because administrators weren't quite sure what to do with them. (Vorwerk, 1970) 1972 John W. Ellison conducted the first study of learning resource centers on university and college campuses. He identified principles that validated the concept of an integrated learning resource center which would include both print and non-print materials. (Ellison) 1973 Melville Dewey is said to be the "Father of American Libraries." F. Dean McCluskey is said to be the "Father of American Audiovisual Education." 1973 Andrew Carnegie is said to be the "Father of Library Philanthropists." (Hostrop) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Footnotes 1. Richard W. Hostrop, Education Inside the Library Media Center. Hamden, Conn.: Shoe String Press, 1973, p. 3. 2. Pearce S. Grove, Nonprint Media in Academic Libraries. Chicago: American Library Association, 1975, p. x. 3. John L. Nolan, "Audio-Visual Materials." Library Trends 10, (October 1961), p. 262. 4. Hostrop, p. 3. 5. Ibid., pp. 2-4. 6. Ibid.. PP. 4-5. References American Library Annual. New York: R.R. Bowker, 1957. Audiovisual Committee, Public Library Association. Guidelines for Audiovisual Materials and Services for Public Libraries. Chicago: American Library Association, 1970. Bliss, Henry Evelyn. "Economics in Libraries." Library Journal 28 (1910). The Bowker Annual of Library and Book Trade Information. New York: R.R. Bowker, 1957. The Bowker Annual of Library and Book Trade Information. New York: R.R. Bowker, 1958. The Bowker Annual of Library and Book Trade Information. New York: R.R. Bowker, 1960. The Bowker Annual of Library and Book Trade Information. New York: R.R. Bowker, 1964. The History of Media Librarianship: A Chronology 87 the Bowker Annual of Library and Book Trade Information. New York: R.R. Bowker, 1971. Brundin, Robert. "Changing Patterns of Library Service in Five California Junior Colleges." PhD. Dissertation, Stanford University, 1970. Chamber's Encyclopedia. vol. 8. London: Pergamon Press, Ltd., 1967. Clement, Evelyn G. "Audiovisual in Libraries; the Past." Paper presented at the 95th ALA Conference, ISAD Audiovisual Section Program, July 1976. ERIC document #ED 129 328. Cocks, Orrin. "Motion Pictures and. Reading Habits." Library Journal 43 (February 1918): 67-70. Comenius, John Amos. The Orbis Pictus. Syracuse, N.Y.: C.W. Bardeen, 1887. Dale, Edgar. Challenges to Librarianship. Tallahassee, Fl.: Florida State Uni versity, 1953. _. "Development of the Collection of Maps at the University of Chicago." Science 79 (February 23, 1934). Dewey, Melvil. Detvey Decimal Classification and Relative Index. 16th ed. Lake Placid Club, N.Y.: Forest, 1959. Doss, Milburn Price, ed. Information Processing Equipment. New York: Reinhold, 1955. Dunn, Fannie W., and Schneider, Etta. "Practices in City Administration of Visual Education." Educational Screen 15 (November 1936). Duprey, Trevor N. Ferment in College Libraries: The Impact of Information Technology. Washington, D.C.: Communication Service Corporation, 1968. Eason, Tracy. "A Selected Bibliography of AV Media in Library Literature, 1958 69." Wilson Library Bulletin 44 (November 1969): 312-319. Edison, Thomas. "Mechanical Arts and the Library." Public Library, 19 (1914) . Ellison, John W. ' The Identification and Examination of Principles Which Validate or Refute the Concept of College or University Learning Resource Centers." PhD. Dissertation, Ohio State University, 1972. Encyclopaedia Britannica 1, vol.#10. Chicago: Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc., 1978. Encyclopedia Americana, vol.#17. New York: Americana Corporation, 1957. Encyclopedia Americana, vol.#17. New York: Americana Corporation, 1962. Encyclopedla Americana, vol.#17. New York: Americana Corporation, 1980. Evaluative Criteria. Washington, D.C.: Cooperative Study of Secondary School Standards, 1950. Fay, Lucy E., and Eaton, Anne T. Instruction in the Use of Books and Libraries. Boston: The F.W. Faxon Co., 1924. Flemingl Bennett. "Audio-Visual Services in Colleges and Universities in the United States." College and Research Libraries 16 (1955): 11-19. Forman, Sidney. "Innovative Practices in the College Library." College and Research Libraries 29 (November 1968): 486. Grove, Pearce S. Nonprint Media in Academic Libraries. Chicago: American Librarv Association. 1975. 88 MEDIA LIBRARIANSHIP Hamman, Frances. "Bibliographic Control of Audiovisual Materials: Report of a Special Committee." Library Resources and Technical Services Bulletin 1 (Fall 1957): 180-89. Hessel, Alfred. A History of Libraries. Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press, 1950. Hostrop, Richard W. Education Inside the Library Media Center. Hamden, Conn.: Shoe String Press, 1973. . Information Bulletin. 23. Washington D.C.: The Library of Congress. Johnston, W. Dawson. "Symposium of Music in Libraries: St. Paul Public Library." Library-Journal 40 (August 1915): 574. Kane, Joseph Nathan. Famous First Facts, 4th ed. New York: H.W. Wilson, 1981. Kujoth, Jean Spealman. Readings in Nonbook Librarianship. Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press, Inc., 1968. Lancaster, F. Wilfred. Information Retrieval Systems, 2nd ed. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1979. Lieberman, Irving. Audiovisual Instruction in Library Education. New York: Columbia University School of Library Service, 1955. McDonald Gerald D. Educational Motion Pictures and Libraries. Chicago: American Library Association, 1942. Mullins, Lynn S. "The Rise of Map Libraries in America During the 19th Century." Bulletin 63 (March 1966). Nolan, John L. "Audio-Visual Materials." Library Trends 10 (October 1961): 261 -6 7 . Palmer, Joseph W. "Surveying the Future of Public Library Film Service." New York Library Association Bulletin, 30 (April 1982): 1-8. Parker, John Austin. "A Brief History of the Picture Collection." Wilson Library Bulletin 30 (November 1955): 257-58. Parsons, Edward Alexander. The Alexandrian Library. New York: Elsevier Press, 1959. Pierre Key's International Music Yearbook, 1928. New York: Pierre Key, Inc., 1928. Post War Standards for Public Libraries. Chicago: American Library Association, 1943. Pringle, Eugene A. "Films in Public Libraries." Drexel Library Quarterly 2 (October 1961): 261-67. Processing Audio Visual Materials. Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana University, 1948. Quinly, William J. "Audio-Visual Materials in the Library." Library Trends 5 (October 1956) 294-300. Richardson, Ernest Cushing. Classification: Theoretical and Practical. 3rd ed. New York: H.W. Wilson, 1930. Rufsvold, Margaret. Audio-Visual School Library Service. Chicago: American Association of School Librarians, 1949. Saettler, Paul. A History of Instructional Technology. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1968. Schmeckebier, Laurence F., and Eastin, Roy B. Government Publications and Their Use. Rev. ed. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution, 1961. The History of Media Librarianship: A Chronology 89 Shane, M. Lanning. "Audiovisual Aids & the Library." College and Research Libraries 1 (March 1940): 143-46. Shores, Louis. Audiovisual Librarianship. Littleton, Colo.: Libraries Unlimited, 1973. Smith, Josephine Metcalfe. A Chronology of Librarianship. Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press, 1968. Special Library Association, Geography and Map Division, Directory Revision Committee. Map Collections in the United States & Canada: A Directory. 2nd ed. New York: Special Library Association, 1970. Stone, C. Walter. "The Place of the New Media in the Undergraduate Program." Library Quarterly 24 (October 1954). Strabo. The Geography of Strabo. New York: Putnam, 1917. Thompson, James Westfall. Ancient Libraries. Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press, 1940. Thompson, Oscar, ed. The International Cyclopedia of Music and Musicians. Rev. ed. New York: Dodd, Mead, 1958. Vorwerk, Richard J. "The Environmental Demands and Organizational Status of Two Academic Libraries." PhD. Dissertation, Indiana University, 1970. Williams, Edwin E. "ALA Notes." Wilson Library Bulletin 14 (June 1940): 778-79. Woods, Bill M. "Of Map Librarianship - A Very Personal Report." Bulletin 76 (June 1969): 4-6. World Book Encyclopedia, vol. 12. Chicago: Worldbook-Childcraft International, Inc., 1982. ===== Prof.N.LAXMAN RAO, Dept.of Library & Information Science, Osmania University, HYDERABAD- 500 007 (INDIA) President, Indian Association of Teachers in Library and Information Science (IATLIS). Ph:+91-40-27171565 (res): +91-40- 27682290 (off) e:mail-- naglaxman(a)yahoo.com OR naglaxman(a)indiatimes.com ________________________________________________________________________ Want to chat instantly with your online friends? Get the FREE Yahoo! Messenger http://mail.messenger.yahoo.co.uk

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