Library science 000? why not 300?
Dear Friends, One of my friends, Mr. Deepak who is a library science student is having a basic question regarding classification. We all know library science is classified under 000 (Generalities) in DDC. But,..... 1) the primary character of library is collecting and organizing of knowledge, which has come out of the society and flows again to wellness of the society. - Knowledge – from the people – by the people – to the people! - Children libraries, libraries for blind, etc., are essentially a social activity in nature. - Coming to public libraries, they are always seen as part of social development programs. - Encyclopedia Britannica has listed library science as associate of Social Science. - Ph. D’s in library science are awarded under social science branch. 2) Right from the time of Nalanda University, library is wedded with education system. Although there are special libraries associated with technical organizations, even there, major role of libraries is to support research (otherwise education) activities. With above points in view, my question is why library science is not classified under Social science-300 Please enlighten me with your discussion and valuable points. With sincere regards, ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- *Please consider your environmental responsibility before printing this e-mail* Sunil M.V. Librarian SDM Institute for Management Development No. 1, Chamundi Hill Main Road Siddharthanagar Post Mysore - 570 011 KARNATAKA -- This message has been scanned for viruses and dangerous content by MailScanner, and is believed to be clean.
It is a nice question. I can think of an explanation in the following line: Library Science is considered as meta-knowledge. That is one of the reasons why it is placed in that general class and not specifically under any class. During the time when it was placed in 000 class, Library Science was considered more as a trade. Sincerely, Swati Bhattacharyya -------------------------------------------------- Librarian Indian Institute of Management Joka Diamond Harbor Road Calcutta - 700104 Phone: 091-33-24678300 Extn: 416 FAX: 091-33-2467-8062 Email: swati @iimcal.ac.in --------------------------------------------------
Dear Friends,
One of my friends, Mr. Deepak who is a library science student is having a basic question regarding classification.
We all know library science is classified under 000 (Generalities) in DDC. But,.....
1) the primary character of library is collecting and organizing of knowledge, which has come out of the society and flows again to wellness of the society.
- Knowledge â from the people â by the people â to the people! - Children libraries, libraries for blind, etc., are essentially a social activity in nature. - Coming to public libraries, they are always seen as part of social development programs. - Encyclopedia Britannica has listed library science as associate of Social Science. - Ph. Dâs in library science are awarded under social science branch.
2) Right from the time of Nalanda University, library is wedded with education system. Although there are special libraries associated with technical organizations, even there, major role of libraries is to support research (otherwise education) activities.
With above points in view, my question is why library science is not classified under Social science-300
Please enlighten me with your discussion and valuable points.
With sincere regards, -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*Please consider your environmental responsibility before printing this e-mail* Sunil M.V. Librarian SDM Institute for Management Development No. 1, Chamundi Hill Main Road Siddharthanagar Post Mysore - 570 011 KARNATAKA
-- This message has been scanned for viruses and dangerous content by MailScanner, and is believed to be clean.
Dear Sunil,
000- Generalities covers the subjects:
- which does not belong to any of the other nine categories or
- the subjects which deals with all aspects of 'universe of knowledge'.
I think Library Science is classified under 000 for the second reason. (u
can also see Journalism is classified under 000).
Though library carry out important social functions as you pointed out,
traditionally Library Science was a multidisciplinary subject with elements
from Philosophy, Management, Linguistics, Psychology etc. With the recent
advances in the discipline with IT applications further blurred its Social
Science image. Moreover if you see the scope of 020 Library science, along
with the academic aspects it also covers library as an organization which
covers various kinds of libraries in various disciplines.
But your enquiry leaves a question - why Education is not in 300 instead of
000 (as it also qualifies all the points put forth on LIS). Blame it on
Dewey and the inconsistencies of DDC :)
With Regards,
Mithun Raj M.
Project Assistant -II
National Information Center for Marine Sciences (NICMAS)
National Institute of Oceanography (CSIR)
Dona Paula, Goa - 403 004
Mobile: +919379916419
Alt ids: mithunrajm@gmail.com, mithunm@nio.org
On Thu, May 5, 2011 at 1:53 PM, Sunil MV
Dear Friends,
One of my friends, Mr. Deepak who is a library science student is having a basic question regarding classification.
We all know library science is classified under 000 (Generalities) in DDC. But,.....
1) the primary character of library is collecting and organizing of knowledge, which has come out of the society and flows again to wellness of the society.
- Knowledge – from the people – by the people – to the people! - Children libraries, libraries for blind, etc., are essentially a social activity in nature. - Coming to public libraries, they are always seen as part of social development programs. - Encyclopedia Britannica has listed library science as associate of Social Science. - Ph. D’s in library science are awarded under social science branch.
2) Right from the time of Nalanda University, library is wedded with education system. Although there are special libraries associated with technical organizations, even there, major role of libraries is to support research (otherwise education) activities.
With above points in view, my question is why library science is not classified under Social science-300
Please enlighten me with your discussion and valuable points.
With sincere regards,
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*Please consider your environmental responsibility before printing this e-mail* Sunil M.V. Librarian SDM Institute for Management Development No. 1, Chamundi Hill Main Road Siddharthanagar Post Mysore - 570 011 KARNATAKA
-- This message has been scanned for viruses and dangerous content by MailScanner, and is believed to be clean.
Sunil: Library Science being classified at 000/Generalities is right (of course all classifications are arbitrary to a certain extent, however it is a necessary evil, so we need to slot very subject under one class or the other). 1. It is the most logical slot to have LIS under generalities. Ranganathan also chose to have LIS under Generalities. It follows the principle of natural order. Each classification system follows one or the other principle of arrangement of classes. 2. You might be aware that Dewey was influenced by - Francis Bacon's The Advancement of Learning. The three main branches of knowledge based on the three faculties are: "Memory"/History, "Reason"/Philosophy, and "Imagination"/Poetry. That is how Dewy derived his classes and their sequence ( Inverted Baconian order) 3. LIS is a " general" discipline that has relevance to and deals with all other disciplines ( as you said for the society etc that way all subjects including Technology are for the society, by the society, of the society only 4. Librarians are generalists. other domain experts are specialists. 5. In fact, in DDC Computer Science, Knowledge and Systems are also under 000- generalities (000)(which is correct according to me) 6. If you slot it under 300 - Social Sciences, then it becomes one of the social sciences and we lose our scope in a way. 7. You can also argue that LIS could go with Management Science, which is part of Applied Science (as it is the management of a particular type of an organization.) 8. Library Science being classed under Social Sciences in universities is not necessarily a universal phenomenon . For example, in the University of Mysore (we have proactively pursued and got it) is under the faculty of Science and Technology. Our reasoning to have it under S & T was more pragmatic than ideological. Psychology for example till recently was a social science and now it is under S & T. 9. The classification followed in education system is again, since we do not have a " generalities' class and we only have " Science and Technology; "Social Sciences and Humanities "; " commerce"; "Law" etc as faculties 10. Libraries are very closely associated with education ( learning actually) that is why they should be under generalities and before the other subjects/disciplines . Well, I could go on and on .but then I will stop here. Shalini Dr. Shalini R.Urs Executive Director and Professor International School of Information Management University of Mysore Mysore - 570006 Phone : + 91 821 2514699 Fax : + 91 821 2519209 www.isim.ac.in ISiM - Management School of IT. Technology School for IM
Dear Friends,
One of my friends, Mr. Deepak who is a library science student is having a basic question regarding classification.
We all know library science is classified under 000 (Generalities) in DDC. But,.....
1) the primary character of library is collecting and organizing of knowledge, which has come out of the society and flows again to wellness of the society.
- Knowledge â from the people â by the people â to the people! - Children libraries, libraries for blind, etc., are essentially a social activity in nature. - Coming to public libraries, they are always seen as part of social development programs. - Encyclopedia Britannica has listed library science as associate of Social Science. - Ph. Dâs in library science are awarded under social science branch.
2) Right from the time of Nalanda University, library is wedded with education system. Although there are special libraries associated with technical organizations, even there, major role of libraries is to support research (otherwise education) activities.
With above points in view, my question is why library science is not classified under Social science-300
Please enlighten me with your discussion and valuable points.
With sincere regards, -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*Please consider your environmental responsibility before printing this e-mail* Sunil M.V. Librarian SDM Institute for Management Development No. 1, Chamundi Hill Main Road Siddharthanagar Post Mysore - 570 011 KARNATAKA
-- This message has been scanned for viruses and dangerous content by MailScanner, and is believed to be clean.
Dear sunil, As I understand, your logic of putting library under 300 is because education is classified under DDC 370.. library supports education hence LIS should be under 300... Like prof. shalili I too support that LIS is not a subset of any domain of specific knowledge (ddc- 100 to 900).. 370 is a subject... classification is the means for logical arrangement.. not for adhoc/convenient arrangement. Vidyarjana [learning] and grantha pathana (reading through documents) exists since vedic period. Knowledge aquried in the past are preserved and transformed through documents (print or current- digital). Libraries are the agencies to acquire, organise and retreive such hidden knowledge. Vidyarjana happens by " kelavam ballavarinda kalitu; kelavam malpavarinda kalitu, kelavam shstragalam Oduta; kelavam sujnanadim tiliyuta" [learn from experts, learn from practioners, learn through reading, lean by experience]. Library (physical/virtual) is place for learn though documents, Hence, I too feel, the LIS classificaiton under '000' is more appropriate as it is not subset of any specific subject domain. Regarding grouping LIS education under humanities/S& T/SocSci, it varies from university to university and is subjected to the thinking of decision makers at the top. However, classifiction of LIS under '000' should not be influenced by logical adjustment of department in the faculty of universities. Good sunil, you provoked some logical thinking and reasoning of the concept of classifying 'LIS' ---a slight deviation from normal administrative/professional related discussions. Manjunatha ------------------------ Dr. Manjunatha K, Chief Librarian, T.A. PAI Management Institute, P.B. No. 9, Manipal - 576 104. Udupi Dist., Karnataka, India +91 0820-2701105 (off) / 2575161(Res) manjunath@tapmi.edu.in; manjunathak@gmail.com http://www.tapmi.edu.in -------------------------- -----Original Message----- From: lis-forum-bounces@ncsi.iisc.ernet.in [mailto:lis-forum-bounces@ncsi.iisc.ernet.in] On Behalf Of Shalini Urs Sent: Friday, May 06, 2011 10:39 AM To: Sunil MV Cc: lisforum Subject: Re: [LIS-Forum] Library science 000? why not 300? Sunil: Library Science being classified at “000/Generalities “ is right (of course all classifications are arbitrary to a certain extent, however it is a necessary evil, so we need to slot very subject under one class or the other). 1. It is the most logical slot to have LIS under generalities. Ranganathan also chose to have LIS under Generalities. It follows the principle of natural order. Each classification system follows one or the other principle of arrangement of classes. 2. You might be aware that Dewey was influenced by - Francis Bacon's The Advancement of Learning. The three main branches of knowledge based on the three “faculties” are: "Memory"/History, "Reason"/Philosophy, and "Imagination"/Poetry. That is how Dewy derived his classes and their sequence ( Inverted Baconian order) 3. LIS is a " general" discipline that has relevance to and deals with all other disciplines ( as you said for the society etc…that way all subjects including Technology are for the society, by the society, of the society only… 4. Librarians are generalists. …other domain experts are specialists. 5. In fact, in DDC Computer Science, Knowledge and Systems are also under 000- generalities (000)(which is correct according to me) 6. If you slot it under 300 - Social Sciences, then it becomes one of the social sciences and we lose our scope in a way. 7. You can also argue that LIS could go with Management Science, which is part of Applied Science (as it is the management of a particular type of an organization.) 8. Library Science being classed under Social Sciences in universities is not necessarily a universal phenomenon . For example, in the University of Mysore (we have proactively pursued and got it) is under the faculty of Science and Technology. Our reasoning to have it under S & T was more pragmatic than ideological. Psychology for example till recently was a social science and now it is under S & T. 9. The classification followed in education system is again, since we do not have a " generalities' class and we only have " Science and Technology”; "Social Sciences and Humanities "; " commerce"; "Law" etc as faculties 10. Libraries are very closely associated with education ( learning actually) that is why they should be under generalities and before the other subjects/disciplines…. Well, I could go on and on….but then I will stop here. Shalini Dr. Shalini R.Urs Executive Director and Professor International School of Information Management University of Mysore Mysore - 570006 Phone : + 91 821 2514699 Fax : + 91 821 2519209 www.isim.ac.in ISiM - Management School of IT. Technology School for IM
Dear Friends,
One of my friends, Mr. Deepak who is a library science student is having a basic question regarding classification.
We all know library science is classified under 000 (Generalities) in DDC. But,.....
1) the primary character of library is collecting and organizing of knowledge, which has come out of the society and flows again to wellness of the society.
- Knowledge – from the people – by the people – to the people! - Children libraries, libraries for blind, etc., are essentially a social activity in nature. - Coming to public libraries, they are always seen as part of social development programs. - Encyclopedia Britannica has listed library science as associate of Social Science. - Ph. D’s in library science are awarded under social science branch.
2) Right from the time of Nalanda University, library is wedded with education system. Although there are special libraries associated with technical organizations, even there, major role of libraries is to support research (otherwise education) activities.
With above points in view, my question is why library science is not classified under Social science-300
Please enlighten me with your discussion and valuable points.
With sincere regards, -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*Please consider your environmental responsibility before printing this e-mail* Sunil M.V. Librarian SDM Institute for Management Development No. 1, Chamundi Hill Main Road Siddharthanagar Post Mysore - 570 011 KARNATAKA
-- This message has been scanned for viruses and dangerous content by MailScanner, and is believed to be clean.
Hi,
Is Library and Information Science (LIS) a misplaced discipline in DDC? This
is the question that has been raised recently by one of the LIS ensuing
students. I congratulate the person for having thought about that question.
A number of arguments are already floated in the forum. Most of them support
the inclusion of LIS in generalities. A close observation reveals that
except for ‘Computer Science’ and ‘Library and Information Sciences’, the
main class 000 does not contain any ‘discipline’.
DDC has only 10 main classes. To that extent it has limited choice when
compared to other schemes such as Library of Congress (LC) or Colon
Classification (CC) or Bibliographic Classification (BC). LC has given a
separate Class-Z for Library Science. DDC had to accommodate LIS in the
available ten slots. But, LIS does not fit properly into any of the main
classes of DDC. Thus, I think ‘neti-neti principle’ (Not this. Not this
principle) was applied and designers of DDC finally accommodated LIS in
Generalities class. However, the argument that libraries traditionally
closer to educational institutes, and thus should be placed near the class
‘Education’ cannot be dismissed so easily.
But it is really surprising to see “Computer Science” also under
generalities class. It is a specialised discipline which claims its place
in science/technology. But lack of hospitality in the DDC could be the
reason for its misplacement. This is an vivid instance of violation of ‘Canon
of filiatory sequence’.
Like DDC, CC and BC also have included ‘LIS’ in Generalia class.
On Fri, May 6, 2011 at 12:18 PM, Manjunath K
Dear sunil,
As I understand, your logic of putting library under 300 is because education is classified under DDC 370.. library supports education hence LIS should be under 300...
Like prof. shalili I too support that LIS is not a subset of any domain of specific knowledge (ddc- 100 to 900).. 370 is a subject... classification is the means for logical arrangement.. not for adhoc/convenient arrangement.
Vidyarjana [learning] and grantha pathana (reading through documents) exists since vedic period. Knowledge aquried in the past are preserved and transformed through documents (print or current- digital). Libraries are the agencies to acquire, organise and retreive such hidden knowledge. Vidyarjana happens by " kelavam ballavarinda kalitu; kelavam malpavarinda kalitu, kelavam shstragalam Oduta; kelavam sujnanadim tiliyuta" [learn from experts, learn from practioners, learn through reading, lean by experience]. Library (physical/virtual) is place for learn though documents,
Hence, I too feel, the LIS classificaiton under '000' is more appropriate as it is not subset of any specific subject domain.
Regarding grouping LIS education under humanities/S& T/SocSci, it varies from university to university and is subjected to the thinking of decision makers at the top. However, classifiction of LIS under '000' should not be influenced by logical adjustment of department in the faculty of universities.
Good sunil, you provoked some logical thinking and reasoning of the concept of classifying 'LIS' ---a slight deviation from normal administrative/professional related discussions.
Manjunatha ------------------------ Dr. Manjunatha K, Chief Librarian, T.A. PAI Management Institute, P.B. No. 9, Manipal - 576 104. Udupi Dist., Karnataka, India +91 0820-2701105 (off) / 2575161(Res) manjunath@tapmi.edu.in; manjunathak@gmail.com http://www.tapmi.edu.in --------------------------
-----Original Message----- From: lis-forum-bounces@ncsi.iisc.ernet.in [mailto: lis-forum-bounces@ncsi.iisc.ernet.in] On Behalf Of Shalini Urs Sent: Friday, May 06, 2011 10:39 AM To: Sunil MV Cc: lisforum Subject: Re: [LIS-Forum] Library science 000? why not 300?
Sunil:
Library Science being classified at “000/Generalities “ is right (of course all classifications are arbitrary to a certain extent, however it is a necessary evil, so we need to slot very subject under one class or the other).
1. It is the most logical slot to have LIS under generalities. Ranganathan also chose to have LIS under Generalities. It follows the principle of natural order. Each classification system follows one or the other principle of arrangement of classes. 2. You might be aware that Dewey was influenced by - Francis Bacon's The Advancement of Learning. The three main branches of knowledge based on the three “faculties” are: "Memory"/History, "Reason"/Philosophy, and "Imagination"/Poetry. That is how Dewy derived his classes and their sequence ( Inverted Baconian order) 3. LIS is a " general" discipline that has relevance to and deals with all other disciplines ( as you said for the society etc…that way all subjects including Technology are for the society, by the society, of the society only… 4. Librarians are generalists. …other domain experts are specialists. 5. In fact, in DDC Computer Science, Knowledge and Systems are also under 000- generalities (000)(which is correct according to me) 6. If you slot it under 300 - Social Sciences, then it becomes one of the social sciences and we lose our scope in a way. 7. You can also argue that LIS could go with Management Science, which is part of Applied Science (as it is the management of a particular type of an organization.) 8. Library Science being classed under Social Sciences in universities is not necessarily a universal phenomenon . For example, in the University of Mysore (we have proactively pursued and got it) is under the faculty of Science and Technology. Our reasoning to have it under S & T was more pragmatic than ideological. Psychology for example till recently was a social science and now it is under S & T. 9. The classification followed in education system is again, since we do not have a " generalities' class and we only have " Science and Technology”; "Social Sciences and Humanities "; " commerce"; "Law" etc as faculties 10. Libraries are very closely associated with education ( learning actually) that is why they should be under generalities and before the other subjects/disciplines…. Well, I could go on and on….but then I will stop here. Shalini
Dr. Shalini R.Urs Executive Director and Professor International School of Information Management University of Mysore Mysore - 570006 Phone : + 91 821 2514699 Fax : + 91 821 2519209 www.isim.ac.in ISiM - Management School of IT. Technology School for IM
Dear Friends,
One of my friends, Mr. Deepak who is a library science student is having a basic question regarding classification.
We all know library science is classified under 000 (Generalities) in DDC. But,.....
1) the primary character of library is collecting and organizing of knowledge, which has come out of the society and flows again to wellness of the society.
- Knowledge – from the people – by the people – to the people! - Children libraries, libraries for blind, etc., are essentially a social activity in nature. - Coming to public libraries, they are always seen as part of social development programs. - Encyclopedia Britannica has listed library science as associate of Social Science. - Ph. D’s in library science are awarded under social science branch.
2) Right from the time of Nalanda University, library is wedded with education system. Although there are special libraries associated with technical organizations, even there, major role of libraries is to support research (otherwise education) activities.
With above points in view, my question is why library science is not classified under Social science-300
Please enlighten me with your discussion and valuable points.
With sincere regards,
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*Please consider your environmental responsibility before printing this e-mail* Sunil M.V. Librarian SDM Institute for Management Development No. 1, Chamundi Hill Main Road Siddharthanagar Post Mysore - 570 011 KARNATAKA
-- This message has been scanned for viruses and dangerous content by MailScanner, and is believed to be clean.
Dear All, Very simple answer is Library science and Librarians are concern with dealing 2 or more subjects so it has been placed in 000 as a rule of classification. On Fri, 06 May 2011 14:38:16 +0530 wrote
Sunil:
Library Science being classified at “000/Generalities “is right (of course all classifications are arbitrary to a certain extent, however it is a necessary evil, so we need to slot very subject under one class or the other). 1.It is the most logical slot to have LIS under generalities. Ranganathan also chose to have LIS under Generalities. It follows the principle of natural order. Each classification system follows one or the other principle of arrangement of classes. 2.You might be aware that Dewey was influenced by - Francis Bacon's The Advancement of Learning. The three main branches of knowledge based on the three “faculties” are: "Memory"/History, "Reason"/Philosophy, and "Imagination"/Poetry. That is how Dewy derived his classes and their sequence ( Inverted Baconian order) 3.LIS is a " general" discipline that has relevance to and deals with all other disciplines ( as you said for the society etc…that way all subjects including Technology are for the society, by the society, of the society only… 4.Librarians are generalists. …other domain experts are specialists. 5.In fact, in DDC Computer Science, Knowledge and Systems are also under 000- generalities (000)(which is correct according to me) 6.If you slot it under 300 - Social Sciences, then it becomes one of the social sciences and we lose our scope in a way. 7.You can also argue that LIS could go with Management Science, which is part of Applied Science (as it is the management of a particular type of an organization.) 8.Library Science being classed under Social Sciences in universities is not necessarily a universal phenomenon . For example, in the University of Mysore (we have proactively pursued and got it) is under the faculty of Science and Technology. Our reasoning to have it under S & T was more pragmatic than ideological. Psychology for example till recently was a social science and now it is under S & T. 9.The classification followed in education system is again, since we do not have a " generalities' class and we only have " Science and Technology”; "Social Sciences and Humanities "; " commerce"; "Law" etc as faculties 10.Libraries are very closely associated with education ( learning actually) that is why they should be under generalities and before the other subjects/disciplines…. Well, I could go on and on….but then I will stop here. Shalini Dr. Shalini R.Urs Executive Director and Professor International School of Information Management University of Mysore Mysore - 570006 Phone : + 91 821 2514699 Fax : + 91 821 2519209 www.isim.ac.in ISiM - Management School of IT. Technology School for IM
Dear Friends,
One of my friends, Mr. Deepak who is a library science student is having a
basic question regarding classification.
We all know library science is classified under 000 (Generalities) in DDC.
But,.....
1) the primary character of library is collecting and organizing of
knowledge, which has come out of the society and flows again to wellness
of
the society.
- Knowledge –from the people –by the people –to the people!
- Children libraries, libraries for blind, etc., are essentially a
social
activity in nature.
- Coming to public libraries, they are always seen as part of social
development programs.
- Encyclopedia Britannica has listed library science as associate of
Social Science.
- Ph. D’s in library science are awarded under social science branch.
2) Right from the time of Nalanda University, library is wedded with
education system. Although there are special libraries associated with
technical organizations, even there, major role of libraries is to support
research (otherwise education) activities.
With above points in view, my question is why library science is not
classified under Social science-300
Please enlighten me with your discussion and valuable points.
With sincere regards,
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*Please consider your environmental responsibility before printing this
e-mail*
Sunil M.V.
Librarian
SDM Institute for Management Development
No. 1, Chamundi Hill Main Road
Siddharthanagar Post
Mysore - 570 011
KARNATAKA
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-- -- This message has been scanned for viruses and dangerous content by MailScanner, and is believed to be clean. _______________________________________________ LIS-Forum mailing list LIS-Forum@ncsi.iisc.ernet.in http://ncsi.iisc.ernet.in/mailman/listinfo/lis-forum With regards, Vinod Kumar Mishra Senior Library Information Assistant Technical Processing Division P.K.Kelkar Library IIT Kanpur. Mob: 91+9198539740 email: vinod_librarian@rediffmail.com : mishravk79@gmail.com website: http://lishelp.grou.ps (HDLS) -- This message has been scanned for viruses and dangerous content by MailScanner, and is believed to be clean.
Dear LIS Professionals, Could you please help me in getting the syllabus for UGC-NET preparation. I need some guidance and syllabus how exactly I should prepare. Earlier, I mean till Dec 2008, the exam paper was prepared only from the Library Science syllabi which we've studied in BLib & MLib. But now if I go thru some questions, I'm really confused, b'coz some of the terminology I hav'nt heard at all earlier. For example, "Half Life" in the context of Lib Material- I never heard about this term until I come across in this group mails. Hope to receive good guidelines from all of you professionals. Thanks in advance. Regards, Grace. -- This message has been scanned for viruses and dangerous content by MailScanner, and is believed to be clean.
participants (8)
-
Manjunath K -
mithun raj -
N.S. Harinarayana -
Shalini Urs -
Sunil MV -
Swati Bhattacharyya -
valentina01＠indiatimes.com -
Vinod Kumar Mishra