Friends, See "Academic Publishers Statistics" June 21, 2023 by Dimitrije Curcic. https://wordsrated.com/academic-publishing-statistics/#more-7601 Here are some excerpts. The worldwide revenue from academic publishing stands at over $19 billion per year. Out of this figure, over 50% is attributed to 5 major publishing companies – Elsevier, John Wiley & Sons, Taylor & Francis, Springer Nature, and SAGE. [These corporations are collectively referred to as the publishing oligarchs] The academic publishing industry has one of the biggest profit margins, sometimes amounting to 40%. Major players in academic publishing generate larger profit margins than some of the most successful tech companies, like Google and Amazon. Elsevier is the biggest academic publishing company in the world, generating over $3.35 in revenue. SAGE, Springer Nature, and John Wiley & Sons all generate over $1.5 billion annually. **** The Indian Government is planning to adopt the *One Nation One Subscription* (ONOS) plan. The implementation has been postponed at least twice. If adopted, it would mean paying unaffordably huge sums to these (and other publishers). It is difficult to believe that the publishers will agree to accept a penny less than what they have been earning from India currently. Indeed, they will ask for much more for two reasons, viz. their journals would become accessible to many times more institutions and individuals than at present, and usually they increase prices of journals/ bundles by 6-10% every year. Argentina attempted a similar programme in 2021. Their pilot programme was restricted to providing access to universities and students but not the lay public. India would do well to join the worldwide movement of community-led open science and promote initiatives such as Green open access, interoperable institutional and global repositories, preprints followed by post public peer review,open access databases, and work closely with non-commercial efforts like the Leiden ranking With warm regards, Subbiah Arunachalam