Harvard University recently made open electronic publishing compulsory for students, faculty & scientific staff. The basic argument behind this initiative is to  secure open access to research that is funded by the government, and to ensure that commercial journal publishers cannot put unreasonable restrictions on the use and spreading of research results. 

In wake of Harvard's recent move to adopt an institutional open access policy,  University of Bergen, Norway is also among one of few institutions around the world taking initiatives to make their R&D output openly accessible. (Source: http://nyheter.uib.no/?modus=vis_engelsk&id=39535).